attachment

• Schaffer and Emerson (1964) 'Stages of Attachment' Research Aim and Procedure

  Aim:Investigate different stages of attachment.Procedure:-longitudinal studywith 60 babies from a predominantly working-class area in Glasgow.- initial age range: 5 to 23 weeks, studied until age 1.- mothers visited every four weeks.- mothers reported infants' responses to separation in seven everyday situations.- intensity of protests rated on a four-point scale.- mothers identified whom protests were directed towards.- stranger anxiety assessed by infant's response to interviewer at each visit.
• Schaffer and Emerson (1964) 'Stages of Attachment' Research Findings and Conclusion

  Findings:Between 25 and 32 weeks, 50% showed separation anxiety, often towards the mother (specific attachment).Attachment to the caregiver most interactive and sensitive, not necessarily the one spending the most time.By 40 weeks, 80% had a specific attachment, and nearly 30% displayed multiple attachments.Conclusions:Attachment develops in stages.Led to the development of the Stages of Attachment by Schaffer and Emerson.
• APRC Shaffer's and Emerson's Research procedure

  - study involved 60 babies (31 boys, 29 girls) from working-class families in Glasgow.

  - home visits by researchers monthly for the first year and again at 18 months.

  - mothers interviewed about babies' reactions to seven types of everyday separations to measure attachment (e.g., adult leaving the room).

  - researchers assessed stranger anxiety.
• APRC Shaffer's and Emerson's Research findings

  - Schaffer and Emerson concluded infants go through attachment stages.

  - mothers remain the most crucial attachment figures at 18 months.

  - in 65% of cases, the mother is the primary caregiver.
• Parent-Infant Attachment


  - traditional researched focuses on mother-infant attachment.Schaffer and Emerson (1964): majority form primary attachment to mothers around 7 months.- secondary attachments to other family members, including fathers, develop within weeks or months.- 75% of infants studied formed attachment with fathers by 18 months, indicated by protests when fathers walked away.