GNED 06 MIDTERM

• Science


  The knowledge obtained by observing natural events and conditions in order to discover facts and formulate laws or principles that can be verified or tested
• Branches of Science


  • EARTH AND SPACE
  • SOCIAL SCIENCE
  • LIFE SCIENCE
  • PHYSICAL SCIENCE
  • FORMAL SCIENCE
• Astronomy


  Cosmology and planets
• Geoscience


  Climate, geology, oceanography
• Sociology


  Laws, ethics, economics
• Psychology


  Developmental and cognitive
• Functional Biology


  Medicine, physique
• Cellular Biology


  Biochemistry, Evolutionary Biology
• Chemistry


  Materials, chemical reaction
• Physics


  Particle physics, thermodynamics
• Mathematics


  Computer science, statistics
• Logic


  Reasoning, philosophy
• What is Science?


  • Science as an idea
  • Science as an intellectual
  • Science as a body of knowledge
  • Science as a personal and social activity
• Technology


  The products and processes created by engineers to meet our needs and wants
• Technology


  Study of our human-made world / Deals with "what can be"
• Science


  Study of our natural world / Deals with "what is"
• Society


  Groups of people who directly or indirectly interact with each other
• People in human societies also generally perceive that their society is distinct from other societies in terms of shared traditions and expectations
• Socrates


  470 BC -399 BC
• Socrates


  • Greek philosopher and the main source of western thought
  • His "Socratic Method" laid the groundwork for western systems of logic and philosophy
  • Emphasized the importance of the mind over the relative unimportance of the human body
  • Claimed to be ignorant because he had no ideas, but wise because he recognized "The more I know, the more I do not know"
  • "An unexamined life is not worth living"
• Science


  The knowledge obtained by observing natural events and conditions in order to discover facts and formulate laws or principles that can be verified or tested
• Branches of Science


  • EARTH AND SPACE
  • SOCIAL SCIENCE
  • LIFE SCIENCE
  • PHYSICAL SCIENCE
  • FORMAL SCIENCE
• EARTH AND SPACE


  • Astronomy – cosmology and planets
  • Geoscience – climate, geology, oceanography
• SOCIAL SCIENCE


  • Sociology – laws, ethics, economics
  • Psychology – developmental and cognitive
• LIFE SCIENCE


  • Functional Biology – medicine, physique
  • Cellular Biology – biochemistry, Evolutionary Biology
• PHYSICAL SCIENCE


  • Chemistry – materials, chemical reaction
  • Physics – particle physics, thermodynamics
• FORMAL SCIENCE


  • Mathematics – computer science, statistics
  • Logic – reasoning, philosophy
• What is Science?


  • Science as an idea
  • Science as an intellectual
  • Science as a body of knowledge
  • Science as a personal and social activity
• Technology


  The products and processes created by engineers to meet our needs and wants
• Technology vs Science


  • Technology - Study of our human-made world / Deals with "what can be"
  • Science - Study of our natural world / Deals with "what is"
• Society


  Groups of people who directly or indirectly interact with each other, and perceive that their society is distinct from other societies in terms of shared traditions and expectations
• Socrates - Greek philosopher and the main source of western thought


  470 BC - 399 BC
• Socrates


  • His "Socratic Method" laid the groundwork for western systems of logic and philosophy
  • Emphasized the importance of the mind over the human body
  • Claimed to be ignorant because he had no ideas, but wise because he recognized "The more I know, the more I do not know"
  • "An unexamined life is not worth living"
• Plato


  • Was a student of Socrates and a teacher of Aristotle
  • Founded the academy in Athens
  • His work on the use of reason to develop a more fair and just society that is focused on the equality of the individuals established the foundation for modern democracy
  • Claimed that knowledge gained through the senses is no more than opinion and that, in order to have real knowledge, we must gain it through philosophical reasoning
• Aristotle


  • Focused on systematic concept of logic
  • Objective was to come up with a universal process of reasoning that would allow man to learn every conceivable thing about reality
  • The golden mean: living a moral life is the ultimate goal
  • Realist
• The scientific revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature
• Nicolaus Copernicus


  • Mathematician and astronomer who formulated a model of the universe that placed the sun rather than the earth at the center of the universe
  • Polyglot and Polymath
  • Wrote "De revolutionibus orbium coelestium" (On The Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres)
• Charles Darwin


  • English naturalist, geologist and biologist, best known for his contributions to the science of evolution
  • All species of organisms are a rise and develop through the natural selection of small, inherited variations that increase the individuals ability to compete, survive, and reproduce
  • Diverse groups of animals evolve from one or few common ancestors
  • The Mechanism by which this evolution takes place is natural selection
• Sigmund Freud


  • Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis
  • Development of an observational method
  • Focused on human sexuality and the evil nature of man
• Iceberg Metaphor


  • Conscious (immediate awareness)
  • Preconscious (accessible memories)
  • Subconscious (drives, instinct, repressed traumas, painful emotions)
  • Libido (current or the energy that keep iceberg move)