14.1 Cholesteatoma

• What are the 2 types of cholesteatoma?

  Congenital

  Acquired
• What is otitis media with effusion also known as?

  Glue ear
• What is otitis media with effusion?

  Collection of fluid within the middle ear space without signs of acute inflammation
• Who is otitis media with effusion most common in?

  Children (6 months - 4 years)

  Cleft palate, Down syndrome & cystic fibrosis
• What is the extradural space?

  Potential space between cranial bones & endosteal layer of dura mater
• What is an extradural abscess?

  Pocket of pus that builds up & causes swelling

  -> typically caused by Staph aureus infection

  Not normally a CSF leakage -> CSF is contained within the subarachnoid space
• What are the symptoms of extradural abscess?

  Headache

  Disturbed consciousness

  Fever

  Trouble walking

  Paralysis

  Pain in back

  Nausea & vomiting

  Feeling tired & sluggish
• What is the treatment of extradural abscess?

  Antibiotics (to fight infection)

  Surgery (drain fluid & relieve pressure)
• What is an intracranial abscess?

  Pus filled pocket of infected material in brain

  Usually occurs when bacteria/fungi enter brain through bloodstream or an infected area in head
• What are the 3 ways intracranial abscesses develop?

  Infection to another part of skull & spread directly to brain

  Infection in another part of the body & spread via bloodstream to brain

  Trauma -> cracks open skull, allows bacteria/fungi to enter
• What are the symptoms of intracranial abscesses?

  Headaches

  Chills & fevers

  In & out of consciousness

  Visual disturbances

  Weakness of 1 side of the body

  Nausea & vomiting

  Seizures

  Confusion

  Trouble speaking
• What is the treatment of intracranial abscesses?

  Antibiotics

  Steroids (to lower pressure)

  Anti-seizure meds

  Surgery
• What cell types line the tympanic cavity?

  Squamous to cuboidal epithelium
• What is the tegmen tympani?

  Thin layer of bone that separates the middle ear & brain
• Fill in the blanks

  A) External acoustic meatus

  B) Tympanic membrane

  C) Round window

  D) Internal jugular vein

  E) Eustachian tube

  F) Epitympanic recess

  G) Malleus

  H) Tegmen tympani

  I) Incus

  J) Stapes

  K) Cochlea

  L) Nasopharynx

  M) Facial nerve

  N) Vestibular nerve

  O) Cochlear nerve

  P) Internal acoustic meatus

  Q) Vestibulocochlear nerve

  
• What is the function of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

  Provides special somatic afferent fibres for hearing & balance
• What is the circuitry of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

  Originates in pontomedullary region → passes through internal auditory meatus → does not leave skill