SS Q4 EXAM

• Nationalism

  The shared belief of loyalty to the ethnicity and culture of a nation-state
• Nationalism

  The shared belief of loyalty to the ethnicity and culture of a nation-state
• France vs. Germany


  France was defeated after the Franco-Prussian War. This sparked the revenge of the French. The annexed territory between Alsace-Lorraine was also a concern.
• Triple Alliance

  Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
• League of Three Emperors

  Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia
• Triple Entente


  France, Great Britain, Russia
• British & German engaged into the naval race. Ended with the British creation of HMS Dreadnought
• Russia employed 1.3 million men
• France (1913) employed 900,000 soldiers
• Conscription


  The popular method of drafting soldiers that became the norm in Europe
• Archduke Franz Ferdinand

  The heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
• Black Hand- terrorist organization plotted the assassination of the Archduke but failed
• Serb Gavrilo Princip- a 19-year old shot the Archduke and his wife when they visited the patients at the hospital who were wounded from the failed assassination
• The assassination angered the Austrians. They formed riots in Saravejo and killed many ethnic Serbs
• Franz Joseph I (emperor of Austria-Hungary)- asked support from Germany. Germany replied with open arms 'blank check'
• July 23- Austria-Hungary asked a list of demands from Serbia. However, the demands were too extreme. Serbia rejected the demands
• July 28, 1914- Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
• Russia- Czar Nicholas II supported Serbia and mobilized its armies
• Germany- declared war against Russia through Schlieffen Plan (August 1)
• Schlieffen Plan


  Sending of 75% of German armies to France. It has to pass Belgium as a neutral territory and surround Paris, France
• British declared war on Germany because of the violation of the Belgian neutrality. (August 4)
• War took place at the Western Front
• Germany advanced its armies toward the French capital
• September 6-9, 1914- French and British defeated Germany in the Battle of Marne and ended the Schlieffen Plan
• Trench Warfare was a common military tactic in World War I
• Russians and Germans fought a seesaw battle on the Eastern Front
• Austria-Hungary lost most of its battles against Russia on the Eastern Front
• Italy betrayed the Central powers and attacked Austria on the Eastern Front
• Germany-Austria attacked Russia on the Eastern Front
• March Revolution- 10,000 working class women marched at Petrograd (St. Petersburg) and demanded for 'Peace and Bread' and the dissolution of the Tsar government
• March 12- Russian Duma (legislative body, mostly composed of the wealthy) demanded Czar Nicholas II to step down
• March 15- Czar stepped down and ended the 300-year old Romanov Dynasty
• Soviets


  The representative of the working class after the Tsarist government, formed their own armies that led into civil wars
• Bolsheviks


  Led by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin) introduced Marxism to Russia
• Marxism

  A communism grounded on the teachings of Karl Marx
• 1915- Lenin and the Bolsheviks overthrew the provisional government
• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 3, 1918) – negotiation between Lenin and Germany signing out Russia from WWI
• August 1914- US led by Woodrow Wilson remains neutral
• Britain imposed a naval warfare with Germany and Austria, cutting vital supplies in the process
• 1. boats

  German retaliation to the British to cut British supplies