biology

• Main nutrients that the body needs: carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
• Carbohydrates- for energy
• Proteins- for growth and repair
• Fats- to store energy
• Carbohydrates- into small sugar molecules
• Proteins- made up of chains of amino acids, over 20 diff kinds
• Fats- fatty acids and glycerol
• Food is broken down into 2 actions: mechanical or physical and chemical
• All food enters our digestive system thru mouth and waste material leaves thru anus
• Mouth- your tongue pushes the food into your throat
• Epiglottis- small flap of tissue, folds over your windpipe
• Esophagus- muscular tube extending from the pharynx to the stomach, delivers food to the stomach
• Peristalsis- series of wave-like contractions that move thru the digestive tract
• stomach- sac-like organ with strong muscular walls. secretes acids and enzymes that continue the process of breaking down food
• the individual boluses are mixed to a semi fluid mass of partly figested food called chyme
• small intestine- long tube loosely coiled in the abdomen, continues the process of breaking down food by using enzymes released by the pancreas and bile from the liver
• bile is a compound that aids in the digestion of fat and eliminates waste products from the blood
• liver- make and secrete bile and cleanse and purify the blood coming from the small intestine
• gall bladder- pear shaped reservoir that sits just under the liver and stores bile
• each fold on the walls of the small intestines is covered with tiny fingerlike projections called villi
• pancreas secretes enzymes that break down the 3 nutrients to the small intestine
• the villi are covered with projections called microvilli
• large intestine absorbs water and changes waste from liquid into stool
• rectum is the lower end of ur large intestine, it stores stool until it pushes it out ur anus during bowel movement
• ingestion is the intake of food
• digestion is the breaking down of food so that it can be absorbed by the body
• absorption is the process of absorbing food in the form of nutrients into the blood stream of the body
• assimilation is the process of nutrients being absorbed by each cell of the body in the form of energy
• excretion and egestion is the secretion of waste, unwanted, and excess substances from the body after food has been digested
• anus is the last part of digestive tract, external opening of the rectum, feces are expelled
• bolus- mixed with saliva
• amylase- breaks down carbo to simpler sugar
• lipase- breaks down fats to fatty acids