Earthquake Hazards

• Earthquake Hazards - can be anything that includes a physical phenomenon associated with an earthquake that may produce adverse effects on human activities.
• Earthquake Hazards:

  1. Ground shaking
  2. Earthquake induced landslides
  3. Earthquake Induced Subsidence
  4. Liquefaction
  5. Ground or Surface Rupture
  6. Tsunami
• Ground shaking - the vibration of the ground when an earthquake occurs, usually recorded in terms of intensity. 
• Earthquake induced landslides - a wide range of ground movement such as rock fall, rock slide debris slide and shallow debris flow. 
• Liquefaction - when sand or soil and groundwater are mixed during the shaking of a moderate or strong earthquake. When the two are mixed, the ground becomes very soft and exhibits properties similar to that of a quicksand.
• Eathquake induced subsidence - involves the settling or sinking of a body of rock or sediment. Subsidence is a type of mass wasting, or mass movement-transport of large volumes of earth material primarily by gravity.
• Ground or surface rupture -  is an offset of the ground surface when fault rupture extends to the surface.
• Deformation Zones - a zone with variable width where fractures have developed
• Tsunami - are giant waves caused by earthquakes or volcanic eruptions under the sea.
• Locally generated tsunamis - caused by earthquakes from nearby trenches
• Far field Tsunamis - generated by earthquakes from sources that are located farther from the impact.