ETHNIC NATIONALISM

• Define ethnicity.

  • mix of ancestry with a shared language, culture, and heritage
• Why was ethnic nationalism such a threat to the Ottoman and Hapsburg Empires?

  1. It challenged their multiethnic and multicultural nature. It fueled aspirations for independence and self-determination among various ethnic groups within these empires, leading to separatist movements and destabilizing internal conflicts.
• How did nationalist ideas spread to Greek communities?

  Nationalist ideas spread to Greek communities through factors such as education, literature, cultural exchange, and exposure to Enlightenment ideals and revolutionary movements in Europe. The Greek War of Independence in the early 19th century further galvanized nationalist sentiments and mobilized Greek communities against Ottoman rule
• What was the dark side of ethnic nationalism?

  xenophobia, discrimination, ethnic cleansing, and violence against minority groups. It can lead to conflicts, wars, and atrocities as different ethnic groups vie for dominance or seek to assert their own national identity at the expense of others
• Explain the extent to which ethnic nationalism might have been a cause and effect of the various revolutions in the period from 1750 to 1900.

  It fueled movements for independence and self-determination among oppressed or marginalized ethnic groups, motivating them to challenge colonial rule and assert their own national identities. At the same time, the rise of ethnic nationalism also contributed to conflicts and tensions between different ethnic groups, exacerbating social divisions and fueling revolutionary movements aimed at reshaping political boundaries and power dynamics.