Global shift’s consequences - Hartlepool (formed shipbuilding and steel town) had 30% unemployment in 2014
Differences in cost of living - London is very expensive to live in, so jobs there need to pay well
Primary and secondary industry in the SW and North whilst tertiary+ in London and economic periphery
Reasons for changes in a place:
National projects (HS2)
globalisation (deindustralisation, migration)
climate change concerns
Index of multiple deprivation (IMD)
Measure extent of deprivation in small areas in England
Looks at income, employment, education, health, crime, living environments and barriers to housing
50% of men work full time, whilst 45% of women work full time
Life expectancy (Men:women)
Glasgow city (72.6:78.5)
East Dorset (82.9:86.5)
Median earnings (2011)
Kilburn and Hampstead (£35,000)
Blackpool (£15,500)
% of students gaining A/A* grades (2013)
London = 25%
North east = 17.6%
University rate (2013)
London = 40%
North East = 24.3%
London:
Accounts for 20% of UK income
10% of UK gdp comes from finance sector
29% more productive than the average Brit
Operates around the knowledge economy
Sink estates (priorities Of regeneration)
housing estates with high levels of socioeconomic deprivation + crime. Also high IMD
Canbourne, where 1/3 of families claim benefits
Commuter villagers (priorities for regeneration)
where people live but commute away to work
High house prices
little demand for local shops, restaurants
regeneration focuses on affordable homes + boosting services
Places around London
Decliningrural settlements (priorities for regeneration)
long term job losses in primary sector due to mechanisation and higher foreign competition
Suffers from brain drain
700 pubs and 400 village shops have shut in Britain since 2010
Cornwall
Gated communities (priorities for regeneration)
separates communities and creates divides
two tier society
Mayfair
importance of having local people onboard for regeneration:
builds community engagement
avoids conflict and protest
meets their needs - more likely to be a long term success
we live in a democracy
Engagement = how people interact and participate with a place
Conflicts with regeneration:
NIMBY
solar farms south Devon - 100 acre solar farm - Campaign to protect rural England + residents - farmland not used
Conflicts with regeneration:
Studentification - cities like exteter, Nottingham and Leeds - anti social behaviour, high density and no community - residents, landlords , university and students
Conflicts with regeneration:
social housing / mixed development - 2,000 new homes where 800 were social and new school - campaign to protect rural England, farmer, local rich v poor
^ Barton‘s farm, Winchester
Conflicts with regeneration:
North London borough of Haringey had be in economic decline - needed regeneration
£28m invested and created 5000 jobs
london riots - urban deprivation, high unemployment, unusually hot summer, stop and search, poor relationship between the black people and police
houses which can only be bought by locals
house prices don’t really increase
houses available more cheap to locals
Rebranding = where long term negative perceptions of something is rebranded in an attempt to alter Them
can aid in reducing spiral of decline and deprivation
Market led regeneration = allowing the private sector to invest. Allowed freedom from national, local and city governments
State and community led regeneration = government plays a lead roll to ensure social equality
Gentrification = where wealthy people force poorer people out due to higher living costs