Regeneration

• Economic sectors:

  • Primary (raw materials + farming)
  • Secondary (manufacturing + processing)
  • Tertiary (service sector + banking)
  • Quaternary (high tech R&D)
  • Quinary (Cosultancy and CEOs)
• Differences in economic activity:

  • Global shift’s consequences - Hartlepool (formed shipbuilding and steel town) had 30% unemployment in 2014
  • Differences in cost of living - London is very expensive to live in, so jobs there need to pay well
  • Primary and secondary industry in the SW and North whilst tertiary+ in London and economic periphery
• Reasons for changes in a place:

  • National projects (HS2)
  • globalisation (deindustralisation, migration)
  • climate change concerns

  
• Index of multiple deprivation (IMD)

  • Measure extent of deprivation in small areas in England
  • Looks at income, employment, education, health, crime, living environments and barriers to housing

  
• 50% of men work full time, whilst 45% of women work full time
• Life expectancy (Men:women)

  • Glasgow city (72.6:78.5)
  • East Dorset (82.9:86.5)

  
• Median earnings (2011)

  • Kilburn and Hampstead (£35,000)
  • Blackpool (£15,500)

  
• % of students gaining A/A* grades (2013)

  • London = 25%
  • North east = 17.6%

  University rate (2013)

  • London = 40%
  • North East = 24.3%
• London:

  • Accounts for 20% of UK income
  • 10% of UK gdp comes from finance sector
  • 29% more productive than the average Brit
  • Operates around the knowledge economy
• Sink estates (priorities Of regeneration)

  • housing estates with high levels of socioeconomic deprivation + crime. Also high IMD
  • Canbourne, where 1/3 of families claim benefits
• Commuter villagers (priorities for regeneration)

  • where people live but commute away to work
  • High house prices
  • little demand for local shops, restaurants
  • regeneration focuses on affordable homes + boosting services
  • Places around London
• Declining rural settlements (priorities for regeneration)

  • long term job losses in primary sector due to mechanisation and higher foreign competition
  • Suffers from brain drain
  • 700 pubs and 400 village shops have shut in Britain since 2010
  • Cornwall
• Gated communities (priorities for regeneration)

  • separates communities and creates divides
  • two tier society
  • Mayfair
• importance of having local people onboard for regeneration:

  • builds community engagement
  • avoids conflict and protest
  • meets their needs - more likely to be a long term success
  • we live in a democracy
• Engagement = how people interact and participate with a place
• Conflicts with regeneration:

  • NIMBY
  • solar farms south Devon - 100 acre solar farm - Campaign to protect rural England + residents - farmland not used
• Conflicts with regeneration:

  • Studentification - cities like exteter, Nottingham and Leeds - anti social behaviour, high density and no community - residents, landlords , university and students
• Conflicts with regeneration:

  • social housing / mixed development - 2,000 new homes where 800 were social and new school - campaign to protect rural England, farmer, local rich v poor
  • ^ Barton‘s farm, Winchester
• Conflicts with regeneration:

  • North London borough of Haringey had be in economic decline - needed regeneration
  • £28m invested and created 5000 jobs
  • london riots - urban deprivation, high unemployment, unusually hot summer, stop and search, poor relationship between the black people and police
• houses which can only be bought by locals

  • house prices don’t really increase
  • houses available more cheap to locals
• Rebranding = where long term negative perceptions of something is rebranded in an attempt to alter Them

  • can aid in reducing spiral of decline and deprivation
• Market led regeneration = allowing the private sector to invest. Allowed freedom from national, local and city governments
• State and community led regeneration = government plays a lead roll to ensure social equality
• Gentrification = where wealthy people force poorer people out due to higher living costs
• Challenges of countryside:

  • boring
  • slow/backward
  • lack of diversity and culture
  • brain drain
  • lack of transport infrastructure
  • lack of affordable housing