LESSON 1 SOCIAL INSTITUTION

• SOCIAL INSTITUTION consists of all the structural components of a society through which the main concerns and activities are organized, and social needs are met.
• In Philippine society, some important institutions are FAMILY, RELIGION, and CIVIL SOCIETY. Other institutions such as market and economy, education, and health are also notable.
• FAMILY is a social institution found in all societies that unites people in cooperative groups to care for one another, including any children.
• NUCLEAR FAMILY is also known as CONJUGAL family. It is composed of one or two parents and their children.
• EXTENDED FAMILY is also known as CONSANGUINE family. It is composed of parents and children as well as other kin.
• RECONSTITUTED FAMILY is a family whose composition and form of emotional care differ from those of the nuclear or extended family.
• FEMALE-HEADED TRANSNATIONAL FAMILY is an example of a reconstituted family.
• FEMALE-HEADED TRANSNATIONAL FAMILY is a household with core members living in at least two nation-states.
• FEMALE-HEADED TRANSNATIONAL FAMILY is also in which the mother works in another country while some or all of her dependents reside in the Philippines.
• KINSHIP is also known as family ties.
• KINSHIP is a social bond based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption.
• MATRILINEAL DESCENT is where people are regarded as members of the mother's group by birth and throughout their lifetime.
• PATRILINEAL DESCENT automatically consider people as members of the father's group by birth and throughout their lifetimes.
• BILATERAL DESCENT traces automatic membership to both sides of descent.
• RITUAL KINSHIP refers to the ritual parent-child relations such as the godparent-child relationship established through the baptism ceremony of ROMAN CATHOLICS.
• Ritual Kinship is known to be COMPADRE SYSTEM in the Philippines.
• BANDS are the small groups of people connected mainly by kinship ties that organize themselves into a community.
• Bands are usually led by a HEADMAN, who members of the community considered as either their BEST HUNTER or WISEST MEMBER.
• A band typically comprises about 100 PERSONS and occupies a large local territory.
• TRIBES is also known as tribal society.
• TRIBES integrate themselves into a larger unit of relations. They form an informal structure, especially in cases of outside threats but break up and return to a state of self-reliance once that threat subsides.
• CHIEFDOMS integrate several communities into a political unit under the leadership of a council with or without a chief.
• A chiefdom is usually headed by a CHIEF, A PERSON OF HIGHER RANK, AS WELL AS AUTHORITY compared to other members of a council.
• ECONOMY organizes a society's production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. It has 3 sectors, the PRIMARY, SECONDARY and TERTIARY.
• The PRIMARY SECTOR of the economy relies on raw materials from the natural environment.
• The primary sector is the most important in LOW-INCOME NATIONS.
• Agriculture, fishing, and mining are considered to be PRIMARY SECTORS.
• SECONDARY SECTOR of the economy transforms raw materials into manufactured goods.
• In the secondary sector, it has a significant share in LOW-, MIDDLE-, and HIGH-INCOME NATIONS.
• Automobile and cloth manufacturing are considered to be SECONDARY SECTORS.
• TERTIARY SECTORS of the economy produce services rather than goods.
• Tertiary sector is the dominant sector in LOW-MIDDLE and HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES.
• Call center services, sales, and teaching are considered to be TERTIARY SECTORS.
• NONSTATE ACTORS are organizations, groups, or networks that participate in international relations and global governance.
• Nonstate actors are deemed to have SUFFICIENT POWER AND INFLUENCE to advocate for and cause changes in international norms and development practices.
• NONSTATE ACTORS include civil society, NGOs, INGOs, economic and social groups, including trade union organizations, and transnational corporations, and the private sector.
• CIVIL SOCIETY is the population of groups formed for collective purpose primarily outside of the state and marketplace.
• EDUCATION is the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values and beliefs.
• Some viewed education as a SOCIALIZING PROCESS, while others viewed it as a STATUS COMPETITION.
• Education can be seen as a SYSTEM OF LEGITIMATION, where it restructures entire populations, creating elites and redefining the rights and duties of its members.