Ch.3- Cells and Tissues

Subdecks (4)

Cards (268)

  • Tissues are groups of cells that are in similar.........

    Structure and function➡️ organs ➡️ organ system ➡️ organism
  • Cells are not all the same

    Size, shape, and function very different
  • cells are organized into 3 main regions
    nucleus, cytoplasm, plasma membrane
  • Nucleus
    Control center of the cell; contains genetic material(DNA)
  • Three regions in the nucleus
    nuclear membrane, nucleolus, chromatin
  • nuclear membrane
    barrier of the nucleus; Consists of selectively permeable, double phospholipids membrane;
  • Nucleoli
    Nucleus contains one or more nucleoli;
    Sites of ribosome assembly;
    Ribosomes migrate into the cytoplasm through nuclear pores
  • Chromatin
    Compound of unwound DNA and protein used for making proteins; Scattered throughout the nucleus; Chromatin condenses to form chromosomes when the cell divides
  • plasma membrane
    Barrier for cell contents; Semi-permeable, Double phospholipids layer
  • cardiac muscle

    found only in the heart; function is to pump blood(involuntary); Cells attached to other cardiac muscle cells at intercalated disks; Cells are striated; One nucleus per cell
  • Hydrophilic head
    water loving
  • hydrophobic head
    water hating
  • Other materials in plasma membrane
    protein, cholesterol, glycoproteins
  • Protein
    receptors, cell recognition and communication, channels for transport
  • Regeneration
    replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells
  • Cholesterol
    keeps membrane fluid and stable
  • Glycoproteins
    receptors, cell-to-cell interactions
  • Determination of method
    1) The type of tissue damaged 2) The severity of the injury
  • plasma membrane specializations
    microvilli, tight junctions, desmosomes, gap junctions
  • Microvilli
    Finger-like projections that increase surface area for absorption
  • tight junctions
    impermeable, leakproof sheets
  • Desmosomes
    that prevent cells from being separated
  • gap junctions
    Allow communication between cells through connexons that span the two cell membranes
  • Cytoplasm
    Material outside the nucleus and inside the plasma membrane
  • What is cytoplasm?

    cytosol, organelles, and inclusions
  • Cytosol
    Fluid containing nutrients dissolved in water that suspends other elements
  • Cells of reproduction
    ovum (egg) and sperm
  • Solution
    A homogeneous mixture of two or more components
  • Solvent
    dissolving medium
  • Solutes
    Components in smaller quantities within a solution
  • intracellular fluid
    nucleoplasm and cytosol
  • interstitial fluid

    fluid on the exterior of the cell
  • membrane transport
    movement of substances into and out of the cell
  • Transport is by two basic methods
    passive transport and active transport
  • passive transport
    no energy required
  • active transport
    the cell must provide metabolic energy
  • selective permeability

    Plasma membrane allows some materials to pass while excluding others; influences movement into and out of the cell
  • Diffusion
    Particles tend to distribute themselves evenly within a solution; Movement is from high concentration, or down a concentration gradient; Movement is due to kinetic energy in the molecules and affected by size and temperature
  • types of diffusion
    simple, osmosis, facilitated
  • simple diffusion
    passive diffusion; Unassisted process; solutes are lipids- soluble materials or small enough to pass through membrane pores