Whole of GCSE Edexcel History

• • People in medieval England was very religious
  • People did not generally use science to understand medical conditions
  • The Church had a great influence over individuals lives; people followed the teachings of the Catholic Church
• What were some superstitious reasons for illness and disease

  • Believed to be sent by God as a punishment for sin or a test of a person's faith
  • Astrology - alignment of planets and stars was thought to cause some disease; used to diagnose illness and disease (more popular after the Black Death, 1348-9)
• Physicians in medieval England were always men as women could not go to university
• In the Middle Ages, people believed that diseases were caused by evil spirits or bad air (miasma).
• The Black Death killed about one-third of the population.
• Galen's ideas on medicine dominated Europe until the Renaissance.
• Medieval physicians used bloodletting to treat patients.
• Medieval physicians used bloodletting, purgatives, and herbal remedies to treat patients.
• Surgery was often performed without anesthesia, causing great pain and suffering.
• Bloodletting was a common medical practice during the Middle Ages where doctors would cut open veins with leeches to remove "bad" blood from the body.
• Medieval physicians used bloodletting, purgatives, and emetics to treat patients.
• Surgery was often performed without anesthesia during this time.
• Hospitals were established during this time but they were often overcrowded and unsanitary.
• Bloodletting was often done with leeches attached to the patient's skin.
• Doctors also prescribed herbal remedies such as opium, which had both medicinal and addictive properties.
• Leeches were also used to suck out poison from wounds.
• Hospitals were established during the Crusades to care for wounded soldiers.
• Bloodletting was a common medical practice during the Middle Ages.
• Purgatives like laxative herbs were given to cleanse the body.
• Purge was another popular treatment method that involved using laxative or emetic substances to induce vomiting or diarrhea as a way to rid the body of impurities.
• During the medieval period, surgery was considered a lowly profession due to its association with barbers who also practiced it.
• Herbal remedies were also commonly used by medieval physicians, including opium, which was believed to have healing properties.
• The Black Death (1347-49) killed millions, about 40% of Britian population (1/3) and across Europe
• During surgery, patients were not given any form of anesthetic, leading to intense pain and suffering.
• Barber surgeons were responsible for performing surgeries such as amputations, trepanation (drilling holes into skulls), and tooth extraction.
• Physicians believed that diseases like the plague were caused by bad air or miasma.
• The Black Death (1347-50) killed millions of people across Europe.
• Medieval doctors believed that diseases were caused by evil spirits or bad air (miasma).
• They tried to treat patients by bleeding them, purging them, and applying hot poultices.
• Robert Boyle conducted experiments on gases and discovered laws governing their behavior.
• Bloodletting was a common medical practice during the Middle Ages, where doctors would cut open veins to remove blood from patients.
• Galen believed that all diseases could be traced back to an imbalance in one of four humors - black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood.
• Medieval medicine relied heavily on superstition and religious beliefs, with many treatments involving prayers and holy water.
• Hippocrates is considered the father of modern medicine due to his emphasis on observation and documentation rather than superstition.
• Medieval medicine relied heavily on superstition and religious beliefs, with many treatments involving prayers or holy water.
• Galen believed that all diseases could be traced back to an imbalance in one of four humors - black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, and blood.
• Hippocrates is considered the father of modern medicine due to his emphasis on observation and experimentation.
• Some scientists and doctors began to challenge the old ideas by asking questions and seeking evidence themselves
• Why did the development of medicine regressed or stayed stagnant?

  • Only monks and nuns could read and write: books would be place in monasteries - meant that monasteries had a lot of influence over what books were written and read
• Medicine in modern Britain has seen great advances in the 20th and 21st centuries as technology developed and the government became more involved in the health of the British people