Cardiovascular (7)

• Carbonic anhydrase


  Catalyzes carbon dioxide and water to carbonic acid
• Active hyperaemia


  Increased blood flow during increased metabolic activity due to decreased oxygen and increased metabolites
• Flow autoregulation


  Ability of an organ to maintain constant blood flow despite changes in perfusion pressure, restored by local dilation of blood vessels
• Adrenaline


  Released from adrenal medulla, vasoconstrictor in most vascular beds but vasodilation in skeletal muscle predominates
• Angiotensin 2


  Vasoconstrictor, part of renin-angiotensin system
• Vasopressin


  Vasoconstrictor, released from posterior pituitary
• Valsalva manoeuvre


  Attempting to forcibly exhale while keeping mouth and nose closed, used to evaluate heart condition and correct abnormal heart rhythms or relieve chest pain
• Exercise


  Increases metabolic demand, increases blood flow to exercising muscles, increases heat production and increases blood flow to skin, increases cardiac output, affects blood pressure and pulse pressure