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Biology
voice of the genome
stem cells
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differentiation
process by which
unspecialised
cells acquire specialised
structures
or functions
totipotent
able to produce any type of body
cell
pluripotent
can give rise to all of the cell
types
that make up the
body
eg embryonic stem cells
specialised
specific roles in the
organism
of they are part
multicellular
made up of different
cell types
human zygote
= 3 cycles=
8 identical
cells
stem cells are
unspecialised
however can turn into specialised by
differentiation
by 5
days
blastocyst
formed
outer layer
of placenta forms
tissue
of developing embryo forms
plant stem cells found in
roots
and
shoots
hayflick limit
number of times cell can
divide
how
do stem cells become specialised
under a
chemical
stimulus, genes are
activated
mRNA
is
transcribed
from active genes
mRNA
is transcribed into
proteins
proteins modify the cell to determine the
function
changes to the cell by
protein
causes it to become
specialised
specialisation happens through
differential gene expression
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