Natural Selection and Genetic Modification

• The process of natural selection is the survival of the fittest
• Natural selection occurs when there are more offspring than resources available, so not all individuals can survive.
• Individuals with advantageous traits will be better at surviving and reproducing, passing on their genes to future generations.
• Individuals with advantageous traits will be better adapted to their environment and therefore have a higher chance of surviving and reproducing.
• Darwin's world expedition and observations, which were backed by many years of experimentation
• Darwin proposed that:

  • individual organisms within a particular species show a wide range of variation for a characteristic
  • individuals with characteristics most suited to the environment are more likely to survive and to breed successfully
  • the characteristics that have enabled these individuals to survive are then passed on to the next generation
• • Bacteria evolve rapidly due to fast reproduction.
• • Mutations create new bacterial strains.
• • Some bacteria develop resistance to antibiotics like penicillin.
  • This process reflects natural selection.
  • Supports Darwin's theory of evolution.
• The main steps in the development of resistance are:

  1. random mutation occur in the genes of individual bacterial cells
  2. some mutations protect the bacterial cell from the effects of the antibiotic
  3. bacteria without the mutation die or cannot reproduce when the antibiotic is present
• In order to reduce the rate of antibiotic resistant strains, doctors should not prescribe antibiotics for mild bacterial infections, farmers should stop using antibiotics for agriculture and patients should finish the full course of the antibiotics that they have been prescribed
• Rock fossils provide evidence of past life forms.They show the gradual changes in organisms over time.

  Fossils help trace evolutionary relationships between species.Transitional fossils offer insights into intermediate stages of evolution. Fossil record supports the theory of common ancestry and gradual change.
• Fossilized remains and archaeological discoveries provide evidence for human evolution, showcasing physical adaptations, tool use, and cultural advancements over time. Genetic studies and comparative anatomy further support the shared ancestry between humans and other primates, reinforcing the theory of human evolution.
• Classification categorizes living organisms based on shared characteristics, facilitating systematic identification and naming. It utilizes taxonomic hierarchies and binomial nomenclature, pioneered by Carl Linnaeus, to organize species and study evolutionary relationships while aiding biodiversity conservation efforts.