Cardiovascular Diseases

• CVD is called heart disease and affects the heart and circulation in the blood vessels.
• 4 types of CVD include:

  Coronary heart disease (angina and heart attack)

  Heart failure

  Congenital heart disease

  Stroke
• Coronary heart disease cause includes:

  Cholesterol or fat buildup or plaque

  Plaque due to bad cholesterol

  Thickening of plaque
• Angina symptoms are chest pain and discomfort to the body.
• Heart attack causes longer reduction in blood flow.
• If angina isn't treated, it may lead to heart attack.
• Heart attack is when the heart muscle begins to die.
• Prevention of CVDs include:

  Don't smoke

  Eat a diet that's low in salt and saturated fat

  Exercise at least 30 minutes a day

  Maintain a healthy weight

  Manage stress

  Control high blood pressure, high cholesterol and diabetes

  Get good sleep
• Heart failure is a condition in which the heart no longer pumps oxygen-rich blood.
• Causes of heart failure are narrowed arteries and high blood pressure.
• Symptoms of heart failure include:

  Shortness of Breath

  Fatigue and weakness

  Swelling in the legs, ankles and feet

  Rapid or irregular heartbeat

  Reduced ability to exercise
• Prevention and control of heart failure include:

  Lifestyle changes

  Managing stress

  Control for severe symptoms
• Lifestyle changes include losing weight, exercising, and using less salt.
• Control for severe symptoms of heart failure include heart transplant and installation of device to help heart pump blood.
• ECG or electrocardiogram is used to evaluate the heart.
• Congenital heart disease is also called congenital heart defect or congenital cardiovascular malformation.
• CHD is a structural defect in the heart and defect of major blood vessels that are present at birth.
• Causes of CHD include:

  Genetics

  German Measles (rubella)

  Diabetes
• Arrhythmias is irregular heart rhythms.
• Cyanosis us blue skin, lips, and fingernails.
• Edema is swelling of body tissue.
• Symptoms of CHD include:

  Arrhythmias

  Cyanosis

  Edema

  Shortness of breath

  Feeling tired quickly
• Prevention and control of CHD include:

  Regular Checkups (watchful waiting)

  Medications

  Surgery
• Stroke is brain attack.
• Stroke is when something blocks the blood supply in the brain or the blood vessel in the brain bursts.
• 2 types of stroke are ischemic and hemorrhagic.
• Ischemic stroke is when there's a blocked artery in the brain due to fatty deposits or blood clots.
• Hemorrhagic stroke is the bursting of a blood vessel in the brain.
• Hemorrhagic stroke is due to high blood pressure, overtreatment of blood thinners, and weak blood vessels.
• Symptoms of stroke include:

  Trouble speaking and understanding what others are saying

  Numbness, weakness or paralysis in the face, arm or leg

  Problems seeing in one or both eyes

  Headache

  Trouble walking