FREUD

• Psychoanalysis


  Sigmund Freud's theory of personality
• Drive/impulses


  Core concept of Freud's psychoanalysis
• Levels of mental life

  • Unconscious
  • Preconscious
  • Conscious
• Unconscious


  Contains all drives, urges, or instincts that are beyond our awareness
• Preconscious


  Memory storage, contains all elements that are not conscious but can become conscious
• Conscious


  The mental elements in awareness at any given point in time, the only level of mental life that is directly available
• Provinces of the mind

  • Id
  • Ego
  • Superego
• Id


  Has access only to the unconscious level, operates on the pleasure principle, has no contact with reality
• Ego


  Has access to all levels of mental life, operates on the reality principle, governs the id and superego
• Superego


  Has access to both preconscious and unconscious, represents the moral and ideal aspects of personality
• Dynamics of personality


  • Sex
  • Aggression
• Drives/impulses


  Operate as a constant motivational force or energy, the basic element of personality, aim is to satisfy the need by reducing tension
• Impetus

  The amount of force a drive/impulse exerts
• Source


  The region of the body in a state of excitation or tension
• Aim


  To seek pleasure by removing that excitation or reducing tension
• Object


  The person or thing that serves as the means through which the aim is satisfied
• Sex


  Psychic energy is libido, aim is reduction of sexual tension and satisfy pleasure (not limited to genital)
• Forms of sex


  • Narcissism
  • Love
  • Sadism
  • Masochism
• Narcissism


  Self-love, drive toward self (primary and secondary)
• Love


  Develops when people invest their libido in an object or person other than themselves
• Sadism


  The need for sexual pleasure by inflicting pain or humiliation on another person
• Masochism


  The need for sexual pleasure from suffering pain and humiliation either by themselves or by others
• Aggression


  Aim is self-destruction, present in everyone and is the explanation for wars, atrocities, and religious persecution
• Forms of aggression


  • Teasing
  • Gossip
  • Sarcasm
  • Humiliation
  • Humor and enjoyment of other people's suffering
• Anxiety


  A felt, affective, unpleasant state accompanied by a physical sensation that warns the person against impending danger, only the ego can produce or feel anxiety
• Forms of anxiety


  • Neurotic anxiety
  • Moral anxiety
  • Realistic anxiety
• Neurotic anxiety


  The ego's dependence on the id, defined as apprehension about an unknown danger
• Moral anxiety


  The ego's dependence on the superego, conflict between the ego and the superego
• Realistic anxiety


  The ego's dependence on the outer world, closely related to fear, fear of tangible dangers
• Defense mechanisms


  Strategies the ego uses to defend itself against the anxiety provoked by conflicts of everyday life
• Repression


  The most basic defense mechanism, forces threatening feelings into the unconscious, involuntary removal of something from conscious awareness
• Reaction formation


  Adopting a disguise that is directly opposite its original form, involves expressing an id impulse that is the opposite of the one truly driving the person
• Displacement


  Redirecting unacceptable urges onto a variety of people or objects, involves shifting id impulses from a threatening or unacceptable object to an available substitute object
• Fixation


  The permanent attachment of the libido to earlier, more primitive stages of development
• Regression


  Involves retreating to an earlier, less frustrating period of life and displaying childish and dependent behavior characteristic of that more secure time
• Projection


  Seeing in others unacceptable feelings or tendencies that actually reside in one's own unconscious, involves attributing a disturbing impulse to someone else
• Paranoia


  An extreme type of projection, a mental disorder characterized by powerful delusions of jealousy and persecution
• Introjection


  Incorporating positive qualities of another person into their own ego
• Sublimation


  The repression of the genital aim of Eros by substituting a cultural or social aim, involves altering or displacing id impulses by diverting instinctual energy into socially acceptable behaviors
• Stages of development


  • Infantile period
  • Latency period
  • Genital period