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Bone fractures
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Ashleigh Unsworth
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Cards (13)
Classification of fractures: complete
Transverse
Oblique
Spiral
Comminute
Impacted
Avulsion
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Classification of fractures: incomplete
Fissure
- crack in bone
Greenstick
- one side broken
Depression
- broken portion pressed
inward
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Bone fracture healing: simple steps
1.
Hematoma
formation
2.
Soft callus
formation
3.
Bony callus
formation
4.
Bone remodelling
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Bone fracture healing: step 1: hematoma formation
1. Localised
clotted
blood from broken blood
vessels
initiates
pro-inflammatory
reaction
2. Cell debris cleared by
phagocytes
3.
Oesteoclasts
remove
necrotic
bone
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Bone fracture healing: step 2: Soft callus formation
1. New
blood
vessels
appear
2. Network of soft
spongy
bone,
fibrous
tissue, and
cartilage
is formed
3. This
fibrocartilaginous
callus bridges both sites of
fracture
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Bone fracture healing step 3: bony callus formation
1. The
soft callus
undergoes
ossification
2. Hardening of the
callus peripherally
and progressively
moves
towards
centre
of fracture
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Bone fracture healing step 4: bone remodelling
1.
Excess
spongy bone
removed
2.
Spongy
bone converted into
compact
bone
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classification of fractures: complete: Transverse
Transverse
=
straight
across bone
classification of fractures: complete: oblique
oblique
-
diagonal
across bone
classification of fractures: complete: spiral
spiral
= one or both
halves
of bone
twisted
classification of fractures: complete: comminute
comminute
=
several small pieces
classification of fractures: complete: impacted
impacted
= one
broken end
driven
into other broken
end
classification of fractures: complete: avulsion
avulsion
=
small
piece attached to
tendon
, or
ligament
gets pulled away from
main
mass of bone
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