Nationality

• National identity


  Considered as the identity of a whole country.

  Often expressed through supporting your national team in sport, pride in the anthem & flag & through language.
• Anderson - national identity


  Argues a 'nation' is an 'imagined community', in that members of a nation will never meet most of their fellow members, & so a nationally identity is socially constructed through symbols, eg. the flag & through rituals, eg. public holidays.

  The social construction of national identities was facilitated by developments in printing technology leading to the mass circulation of newspapers & books, which created a 'national' language.
• Kumar


  Unlike the Scots, the Welsh & the Irish, the English find it difficult to say who they are & that the English national identity is elusive.

  
  

  Argues the quest to expand 'Britishness' may have diluted 'Englishness'.
• Sadar


  In the face of devolution, economic crises & increasing immigration, English national identity appears to have strengthened.

  Some argue this new English identity is negative & exclusive with the growth in popularity of groups such as the EDL.
• Howe


  Growth of English nationalism much more exclusive & 'white', leading him to question where he would fit in a new nationalistic England. (Howe is Afro-Caribbean)
• Significance of national identities

  Some argue that national identity will become less & less significant in today's globalised society.

  Young people are arguably 'citizens of the world', & national boundaries & cultures are less significant.

  The internet & social media have contributed to this breaking down.
• Hall - responses to globalisation

  Suggested countries may display three different reactions to globalisation:

  1. They will accept a global culture, & all countries will become more similar - 'Cultural Homogenisation'

  2. They may take in some parts of global culture alongside their more traditional culture, & develop a new but still individual culture - 'Cultural Hybridity'

  3. They may resist global culture & fiercely protect their culture heritage, becoming more traditional & nationalistic - 'Cultural resistance