Multi-store model

• label the image

  A) ?

  B) ?

  C) ?

  D) ?

  E) ?

  F) ?

  
• what is the sensory register?

  Store of sensory information that lasts no more than a few seconds.
• what is the iconic memory?

  The storage for visual memory that allows people to visualise an image after the physical stimulus is no longer present.
• what is the echoic memory?

  The sensory memory that registers specific to auditory information.
• what is maintenance rehearsal?

  Is the straight repeating of information to memorise it. This type of rehearsal is also called rote rehearsal. This type of rehearsal can be mental, where you're thinking about and repeating the information in your mind.
• what is prolonged rehearsal?

  Is a way to memorise information more effectively and maintain it in your long-term memory.
• what is elaborative rehearsal?

  An encoding strategy to facilitate the formation of memory by linking new information to what one already knows.
• what is amnesia?

  The loss of memories, such as facts, information and experiences.
• what is the multi-store model?

  Explanation of memory that sees information flowing through a series of storage systems including the sensory store, STM and LTM.
• the case of HM?

  The case of HM supports the multi-store model because it supports the central feature of the model – that there are two separate and independent memory stores, short-term memory (STM) and long-term memory (LTM).HM's LTM was badly damaged. But testing showed that his STM was much less badly affected. His almost-normal digit span showed that he could recall information that was presented to him immediately.

  Many people with amnesia show a similar pattern of memory – one store is damaged, the other is OK. Clinical psychologists call this difference in performance a dissociation.
• research to support the msm?

  Point: One strength of the MSM is support from studies showing that STM and LTM are different.

  Evidence: Baddeley found that we mix up words that sound similar when we are using our STMs. But we mix up words that have similar meanings when we use our LTMs. Further support comes from the studies of capacity and duration (Peterson & Peterson; Bahrick).

  Explanation: These studies show that STM and LTM are two separate and independent memory stores, which supports the MSM
• counterpoint of reasearch to support msm?

  Counter: However, many of the studies used to support the MSM do not reflect everyday life such as recall of places, names and facts so they lack ecological validity as instead they use artificial materials such as digits and words.

  Explanation: This means that the MSM may lack validity in how our memory works in everyday life where we have to remember more meaningful information.

   Link: Therefore, it is questionable as to whether we can generalise the findings beyond the research studies in the lab. 
• Evaluation of MSM: More than one LTM store?

  One limitation of the MSM is evidence of multiple STM store. Shallice and Warrington studied a KF who had amnesia. KF’s STM for digits was very poor when they were read out loud to him. But his recall was much better when he read the digits to himself, showing there could be another short term store for non verbal sounds

  This suggests that the MSM is incorrect in claiming that there is just one STM store processing different types of information (visul/auditory) Weakness of MSM as STM may not be one unitary store (lower validity)
• evaluation of elaborative rehearsal?

  One limitation of the MSM is prolonged reheasal isnt needed. According to the MSM, what matters with rehearsal is the amount of it - prolonged rehearsal. Craik and Watkins 1973 found that the type of rehearsal is more important the the amount. Elaborative rehearsal is needed for long term storage (link new to old info) This means the information can be transferred without prolonged rehearsal.Suggesting MSM does not fully explain how long term storage is achieved. lowers validity.
• evaluation of msm?


  Support- different stores (ltm/stm). Glanzer and Cunitz researched and participants had to learn a list of words that were presented one at a time and then recall the words in any order (free recall). Found that the words at the end of the list (STM) were recalled first which is known as the recency effect, words at the beginning of the list (LTM) were also recalled well which is known as the primacy effect and words in the middle were not recalled very well. This shows that stm and ltm are two separate stores. Showing why we dont always explain all - validity