AC 3.4

• Ac 3.4

  • 4 marks- 2 para
  • 6 marks- 3 para
  • 9 marks- 4 para
  • PEE structure (Point, explain, evidence)
  • at least 1 bit of evidence per para, if you know more than use more
  • evaluate- Is strengths and weaknesses
  • if ask you to do more than one, do that
• Strengths of the police

  • Peel report 2017 over 2/3 of police units are good, keeping people safe and reducing crime
  • outstanding police forces- Durham outstanding in all areas
  • specialist police units help to target specific crimes eg anti terrorism
  • domestic abuse- 63% of people working with victims have said response has improved
  • operation encompasses helps support children who witness DA, by police informing schools, 33 police forces do this
  • consensual policing- Homeless PD in Houston, helped to rehome over 300 homeless people
• weaknesses of the police

  • 2017- Annual report on DA, arrest rates have been falling, police not using bail conditions to protect victims
  • Met police dropped 2.6 times as many cases on the day they reported in 2017 as they did in 2016
  • 19% budget cut and loss in 20,000 staff between 2010-2018
  • police more likely to tackle theft as it is quicker (theft 2 days while rape 129 days)
  • institutional racism- Stephen Lawrence and McPherson report
  • PACE broken- Steve Fulcher
  • unethical- Colin stagg
  • broken Peel philosophy - physical force as last resort- Ian Tomilsom
• Strengths of prisons

  • 0 prisoners escaped in 2020- offers public protection
  • acts as a deterrent- functionalism
  • reaffirms boundaries- functionalism
  • can rehab with correct funding eg educational courses, anger management courses
• Weaknesses of prison

  • Prison staff attacks have doubled
  • 68% rise in prison attacks
  • 1/2 prisoners are illiterate but lack educational courses to help
  • the mount- saw a party, phone use and drugs
  • Birmingham riots- 14 hrs more than 500 offenders
  • pentonville- 2 escapes and inmate stabbed in same month
  • contraband snuggled in both Pentonville and Wandsworth
  • 16 percent budget cut, 15% less staff between 2010-2018
  • 1/2 prisons have too few programmes on useful activity
• strengths of Cps

  • Independent from the police to stop corruption
  • successful cases eg Robert Napper
  • use of full code test to ensure fair system
  • supports the police with CPS direct
  • 2018 prosecuted 80,000 cases in crown court and 450,000 cases in magistrates court
  • 84.1% of defendants were prosecuted and convicted
• Weaknesses of CPS

  • Baski- staff cuts have lead to the decline in CPS
  • 2010-2018 1/4 budget cut, lost 1/3 of staff
  • downgrading of charges to save money so can be heard in magistrates instead of crown
  • issues with disclosure of evidence- Liam Allen, 916 cases dropped in 2016/2017. Staff can keep up with it- Marx hill
  • impacted moral panic- taking cases to court that should of failed public interest- Ldn Riots
  • Caroline Flack- should of not been prosecuted
  • damiola Taylor- could of picked up fact witnesses lied
• Strengths of Probation

  • £155 million extra funding each year
  • government realised their mistakes and got rid of CRCS
  • nps has half the rate of reoffending compared to prisons
  • NPS met 70% housing needs
  • improvement being made in safe guarding
• Weakness of probation

  • Damien bendall- killed 4 wilshire police informed probation that he was a risk, house not checked. Mistakes made due to lack of staff
  • Connor Marshall beaten to death by offender who missed 8 probation apps
  • 19/21 CRCS failed to meet targets
  • dame Stacey- part privatisation failed
  • offenders housing not met in 54% of cases of CRCS
  • increased whistleblowing
• strengths of Judiciary

  • Warner- being out of touch can be good thing. If too in touch could be impacted by moral outrage and moral panics
  • not many cases are referred to the unduly lenient scheme. In 2017 only 173 cases were referred and out of that only 137 were increased
  • experienced
  • security of Tenure to stop pressure from government and sentence in a certain way
• Weaknesses of judiciary

  • Guide to judicial conduct- impartially is often broken
  • Lavinia Woodward (bourgiese) - no prison sentence for stabbing boyfriend on drugs, judge said In normal circumstances = prison
  • Brock Turner (bourgeoise)- only 6 months prison sentence for sexual assault
  • judge Wild- no does not always mean no, impact on victims of judges coming foward
  • 68% judge are male lack of empathy for female victims
  • more that half over 50 not understanding current society
  • 74% privately educated
  • only 7% from minority backgrounds
• Strengths of charities and pressure groups

  • Ban the box campaign has lead to some success. Civil service will not ask for details of previous convictions at the initial recruitment stage
  • Strong commitment- all charities. in particular, Howard league- oldest prison reform charity
  • book for prisoners campaign by Howard league won an award in 2015 for highlighting that books are necessity for rehab and not Perk
  • Narco- resettlement report helped over 25,000 ppl in 2019-2020
  • left realists support Narco philosophy- we see your future not your past (rehab)
• Weakness of charity and pressure groups

  • right realism disagree with Narco philosophy ‘We see your future not ur past‘ as this can hinder retribution
  • biological theories disagree with Narcos focus resettlement of offenders, feel like offenders cannot change and ruins public protection
  • lack of funding from government- registered charities have access to donations, during recession and economic turnover funding is cut
  • Relies on donation - ppl more likely donate to victim based charities than offender based, recession can impact of money that is donated.