memory

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    Created by
    sarah smith

    Cards (65)

    • memory

      process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information that has been previously encountered
    • Atkinson-Shiffrin multistore model of memory
      outlines three distinct memory stores:
      sensory, short-term, and long-term, each interacting through encoding, storage, and retrieval processes.
    • sensory memory

      store of memory which very briefly stores raw information detected by the senses
    • examples of sensory memory

      classmates' faces, bird sounds, clothing tags, deodorant scents, and food tastes.
    • capacity and duration of sensory memory?
      unlimited capacity
      between 0.2-4 seconds.
    • short term memory (STM)

      memory store that holds a limited amount of information that is actively manipulated.
    • capacity and duration of short term memory

      limited capacity of 5 to 9 items
      duration of 18-30 seconds
    • long term memory (LTM)
      ermanent storage of potentially unlimited information containing all past events and knowledge of facts
    • capacity and duration of long term memory
      capacity is potentially unlimited, but not always accessible
      duration is relatively permanent
    • strengths and limitations of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model
      Strengths: Outlines different capacity and duration of each store.
      Limitations: STM complex compared to model.
    • types of LTM

      explicit memory- semantic memory & episodic memory
      implicit memory- procedural memory & classically conditioned memory
    • explicit memory

      type of LTM that is consciously retrieved
    • semantic memory

      type of explicit memory that consists of general knowledge or facts
    • examples of semantic memory

      there are seven continents
      dogs bark, while cats meow
      three multiplied by three equals nine.
    • episodic memory

      type of explicit memory that consists of personal experiences or events.
    • examples of episodic memory

      getting your driver’s licence
      details from when you went on holiday
      what you ate for dinner last night.
    • implicit memory

      type of LTM that is unconsciously retrieved
    • Procedural memory

      type of implicit memory that involves knowing how to carry out tasks that are facilitated by motor skills.
    • examples of procedural memory

      tying your shoelaces
      kicking a ball
      playing the guitar.
    • classically conditioned memory

      type of implicit memory involving an involuntary response, such as fear, to a stimulus which has repeatedly been associated with an emotionally-arousing stimulus
    • example of classically conditioned memory
      An individual's childhood fearful experience in the ocean may form a conditioned fear response, causing them to reflexively react to the ocean.
    • hippocampus

      brain structure primarily involved in encoding explicit memories.
    • where is the hippocampus located?
      in the middle of the brain
    • what happens if a person has damage to the hippocampus?
      they would have difficulty forming new explicit memories due to the hippocampus’ role in encoding these memories.
    • Amygdala

      brain structure that is primarily involved in encoding the emotional component of memories.
    • where is the amygdala located and what is it often described as?
      in the middle of the brain and is often described as the ‘fear centre’ of the brain
    • what does the amygdala encode?
      it encodes the emotional components of classically conditioned memories and distinct emotional responses, such as fear, disgust, anger, or excitement and explicit memories.
    • neocortex

      brain structure that stores explicit memories and consists of six layers part of the cerebral cortex.
    • basal ganglia

      group of brain structures involved in encoding and storing implicit memories, specifically those related to habit formation, procedural sequences of movements, and reward pathways
    • where is the basal ganglia located?

      deep within the centre of the brain
    • what roles does the basal ganglia have in memory?
      • encodes and stores unconsciously retrieved memories like habit formation.
      • Supports learning driven by feedback-driven reward processing memories.
    • Cerebellum

      Encodes and stores implicit memories related to unconscious habits, simple reflexes, or precise movements
    • where is the cerebellum located?
      the base of the brain, enabling precise fine motor movements.
    • what happens when the cerebellum and basal ganglia interact with each other?
      they encode, store, and retrieve implicit long term memories.
    • compare episodic and semantic memory
      Both: types of explicit memoriesEpisodic memory: Comprises personal experiences or events and is often associated with autobiographical events.
      Semantic memory: Comprises general knowledge or facts.
    • Examples of autobiographical events

      first day of school
      memories from family vacation
      a birthday party
    • autobiographical events

      personally lived experiences
    • where are autobiographical events stored?
      in long-term memory and are retrieved every time you think or speak about them
    • retrieval

      process of accessing information that has been stored in long-term memory and bringing it into our conscious awareness in short term memory.
    • possible imagined futures

      hypothetical experiences and situations involving the episodic and semantic memory where an individual has the ability to create and conceptualise in their mind
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