Population

• Reasons for borders


  • To control the movement of people between places (migration)
  • To create loyalism to one place
  • To unite people of one area together
  • To determine how far a government's power reaches. (People within a country's boundary have to follow its laws and pay its taxes)
• Push factors


  Drive people (push) away from a place e.g. lower pay
• Pull factors


  Draw people (pulls) into a new location e.g. higher wages
• Demographer


  Someone who studies population data collected from the census at local, national and global levels
• Demographic transition


  A transition from high birth rates and death rates to low birth and death rates as part of the economic development of a country
• Stages of demographic transition

  • High stationary
  • High Fluctuating
  • Early expanding
  • Late expanding
  • Low stationary
  • Low fluctuating
• Population factors


  • Total population
  • Birth rate
  • Death rate
  • Migration
  • Refugee
  • Asylum seeker
  • Population density
  • Ageing population
  • Industrialisation
  • Urbanisation
  • Rural-urban migration
  • Population structure
  • Natural increase
  • Natural decrease
• Urbanisation


  The increase in the percentage of people living in urban areas
• Population structure


  How people are structured into gender and age
• Migration


  The movement of people from one area to another
• Brain drain


  The migration of highly trained or qualified people to developed areas in search of better work, which leads to a vacancy of these workers in less developed places
• In November 1989, the Berlin Wall was torn down by demonstrators and Germany was reunited.
• Birth rate


   The number of live births per 1,000 people.
• Death rate


  The number of deaths per 1,000 people
• Natural increase/decrease


  The difference in the birth and death rates
• Demographic transition model stage 1

  • Low population
  • High birth and death rate
  • Little access to birth control
  • Children needed to work on land
  • High death rate due to disease, famine, poor diet and little medical science
  • Traditional rainforest tribes
  • UK pre-1780
• Demographic transition model stage 2

  • Population growing at fast rate
  • High but decreasing birth rate
  • Decreasing death rate
  • E.g. Afghanistan
  • UK 1780-1880
• Demographic transition model stage 3

  • Population still increasing but rate of increase slowing down
  • Decreasing birth rate
  • Low death rate
  • E.g. Kenya and India
  • UK 1880-1940
• Demographic transition model stage 4

  • High population almost stable
  • Low birth and death rate
  • E.g. Canada, USA, France and UK
• Demographic transition model stage 5

  • Total population decreasing
  • Very low birth rate
  • Low death rate, but higher than birth rate
  • E.g. Germany, Italy and Japan