Blood

• what are the formed elements of blood

  Erythrocytes. Leukocytes. Thrombocytes
• What are thrombocytes

  Plateletes
• What are the main functions of blood

  Distribution. Regulation. Protection
• Describe the components of blood when centrifuged with an anticoagulant

  Plasma forms at the top

  A buffy coat containing thrombocytes and leukocytes.

  Erythrocytes form at the bottom
• Describe the components of blood when centrifuged without an anticoagulant

  Serum forms at the top.

  Buffy coat containing leukocytes and platelets.

  Clot forms with erythrocytes and fibrin.
• What is haemopoiesis

  The production of blood cells in the bone marrow.
• What cells are produced via the lymphoid pathway

  Lymphocytes.
• What does not develop thorugh the myeloid lineage

  Lymphocytes.
• What type of stain is Eosin

  Acidic. This means it stains basic structures red.
• What type of stain is haemotoxylin

  A basic stain. Stains acidic structures blue.
• What type of stain is methylene blue

  Basic. Stains acidic structures blue.
• What is wrights stain

  The use of eosin and methylene blue together.
• How does a basophil stain

  It has blue granules wich are histamines.
• How does an eosinophil stain

  It has red granules which are basic proteins
• IS histamine acidic or basic

  Acidic
• What leukocytes have a bilobed nucleus

  Basophils and eosinophils
• What leukocytes have a mult-lobed nucleus

  Neutrophils
• What leukocyte has few granules

  Neutrophils
• What leukocytes have a horse-shoe nucleus

  Monocytes
• What is the starter cell for blood cells

  A pluripotent stem cell
• what type of stem cells does the pluripotent stem cell form for blood cell production

  Myeloid and lymphoid stem cells
• What is the prefix given to the cells first developed from the myeloid or lymphoid lineages

  blast
• How is an erythrocyte formed

  A myeloid stem cell produces a proerythroblast. The proerythroblast then produces a reticulocyte which has its nucleus ejected to form an erythrocyte.
• How are thrombocytes formed

  Via the myeloid lineage. A megakaryoblast forms a megakaryocyte which is fragmented to form thrombocytes.
• How are eosinophils produced

  Via the myeloid lineage from eosinophilic myeloblasts.
• How are basophils produced

  Via the myeloid lineage from basophilic myeloblasts.
• What does a myeloblast form

  A neutrophil
• What does a monoblast form

  Monocytes
• What do monocytes form

  Dendritic cells and macrophages
• What is erythropoiesis

  the formation of erythrocytes in red bone marrow.
• What is erythropoietin

  it stimulates erythrocyte production
• Where is erythropoietin produced

  Kidney
• What are the features of RBCs

  Anucleur.

  Biconcave shape.
• What are the two classifications of WBCs

  Granulocytes and agranulocytes.
• What are the granulocytes

  Neutrophils. Basophils. Eosinophils.
• What is the main function of neutrophils

  They act as phagocytes
• What are the phagocytes

  Dendritic cells. Neutrophils. Macrophages.
• What is the role of eosinophils

  Allergic reactions and parasitic invasion.
• What are the roles of basophils

  Allergic reaction. Inflammatory response. Parasitic invasion.
• What is haemostasis


  The response to bleeding