DARWINIAN

• Natural Theology


  Traditional way of thinking about life in the early 18th hundreds
• Natural Theology


  Book written by William Paley in 1802 that inspired Charles Darwin
• Charles Darwin


  • Born from a wealthy family
  • Afforded to go to Cambridge University to study beetles
  • Graduated at the age of 22 without definite plan
  • Sent by his family to South America through the ship Beagle for five years
• Charles Darwin's experiences during his voyage

  1. Collect different fossils

  2. Compare fossils

  3. Observe iguanas, mockingbirds, thrushes, tortoise, and different finches in the Galapagos island
• Finches


  • Darwin became obsessed with finches and collected them
  • Different species seemed to vary according to island
  • This led to developing the theory of evolution by natural selection
• Darwin received a letter from Alfred Russel Wallace, a fellow naturalist, asking for his advice


  1858
• Darwin published his 500 paged book "The Origin of Species by means Natural Selection"


  1859
• Natural Selection


  The natural selection modifies the current population where the fittest survive and reproduces, then passing their traits
• Darwin's observations


  • Long beaks get more food and survive when scarce happens
  • Unfit species die, then the population diverges into new species
• Alfred Russel Wallace


  • Born from poor family
  • Inspired by Malthusians essay on the principle of population and Darwin's voyage of the beagle
  • Pursued to become a naturalist himself
  • Met Henry Walter Bates in 1844 and decided to venture on how evolution works to apply that knowledge to the human society
• Alfred Russel Wallace's experiences

  1. Traveled different islands of what is now Malaysia, Indonesia and Singapore

  2. Observed different environments produce different populations

  3. Coined the term "self-acting process"

  4. Sent a letter to Charles Darwin
• Wallace's Line


  An invisible line in Indonesia where he stated that resemblance of species based on its geographic location
• Biogeography


  A field where the biological species and geological formations together
• The Darwinian intellectual revolution was initially intended to challenge the "how" of life of living organisms
• Both naturalists (Darwin and Wallace) have agreed on the principle of natural selection
• Survival of the Fittest

  Term re-coined by Herbert Spencer in 1864, initially intended for animals but later applied to human society by Social Darwinism
• The Darwinian intellectual revolution did not only challenge the way how we view the life, but the "how" of life