Crime prevention

• Defensible Space - Newman

  where territory is shared nobody claims ownership for it or shows respect for public areas. If people have fences or private balconies, they’re more likely to report invasion of that space and look after it more carefully.
• Zero Tolerance - Wilson & Kelling

  Zero tolerance policing addresses all types of criminal acts in order to prevent the escalation to more serious crimes. Low-level crime can be tackled with low intensity, humane methods to create an environment that is inhospitable to more serious crime.
• WILSON & KELLING

  Part 1- people are scared of being bothered by disorderly people so zero tolerance policing is necessary. (Zimbardo’s car study)

  Part 2- The Police can’t do anything until the actual crime has taken place leading the community to view them as useless, the police should use foot patrols.

  Part 3- Police must identify neighbourhoods at the tipping point and crack down on them, not ones that are too far gone or ones that have little to no crime.
• APPLICATION - Community design

  Newman

  having hedges, gates and fences gives people a sense of ownership so they’re more likely to take care of their own property and report an invasion of space.
• APPLICATION - Zero Tolerance

  Wilson & Kelling

  Police should think about broken windows theory by cracking down on small crimes in an attempt to deter more serious crimes from happening.
• APPLICATION - Foot patrols

  Wilson & Kelling

  Foot patrols make police officers more approachable and this creates a better relationship between the public and police which supports them as the community are more likely to share any information they may have about a crime they witnessed.
• APPLICATION - CCTV & surveillance

  Brown

  Surveillance means people can be caught committing a crime which makes it more likely they will receive consequences. Thereby a criminal may believe the costs outweigh the rewards of committing a crime.