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EARTH SCIENCE
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Nonrenewable Resources
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Environmental Laws
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Energy Resources
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Minerals
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Rocks
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Layers of the Atmosphere
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Earth's Subsystem
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Layers of the Earth
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Origin of the Solar System
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Cards (119)
Ancient Astrology
Bible
Geocentric
Universe (Earth + Center) -
Ptolemy
Heliocentric
Universe (Sun + Center) -
Aristarchus
Nicolas Copernicus
- Develop and Justify
Heliocentric
Steady State Theory
- No beginning, no ending
Big Bang Theory
: The universe began as a singularity, which expanded and
cooled
down.
Georges
Lemaitre
Big
Bang
Theory
Herman Bondi
,
Thomas Gold
, Fred Hoyle
Steady State Theory
The
universe
is
everything
, from the
tiniest particles
to the
largest galaxies
, to the very
existence
of
space
,
time
, and
life
The origin of the
universe
is the origin of
everything
Big Bang theory
The most widely accepted explanation for the origin of the universe, stating that it began as a
hot
and
infinitely dense point
This tiny singularity violently exploded
About 13.7 billion years ago
Stages of the universe's evolution
1.
Radiation
era
2.
Matter
era
Radiation era
Dominance of radiation right after the Big Bang
Made of smaller stages called epochs
Epochs in the radiation era
1.
Planck
epoch
2.
Grand unification
epoch
3.
Inflationary
epoch
4.
Electroweak
epoch
5.
Quark
epoch
6.
Hadron
epoch
7.
Lepton
epoch
8.
Nuclear
epoch
Planck epoch
No matter existed
, only
energy
and the
superforce
Grand unification epoch
Three remaining unified forces of nature
Inflationary epoch
The universe rapidly expanded from the size of an atom to the size of a grapefruit
Electroweak epoch
The last two forces,
electromagnetic
and
weak
,
split off
Quark epoch
The universe's ingredients were present, but too hot and dense for subatomic particles to form
Hadron epoch
The
universe cooled down
enough for
quarks
to
bind together
and
form protons
and
neutrons
Lepton
and nuclear epochs
Protons and neutrons fused
to
create the first chemical element
,
helium
Matter
era
Defined by the presence and
predominance
of
matter
in the
universe
Epochs in the matter era
1.
Atomic
epoch
2.
Galactic
epoch
3.
Stellar
epoch
Atomic epoch
The universe's temperature cooled enough for electrons to attach to nuclei, creating
hydrogen
Galactic epoch
Clusters of atoms became the seedlings of galaxies
Stellar epoch
Formation of stars caused the conversion of
helium
and
hydrogen
into almost all remaining elements in the universe
This
ecosystem of everything
was only possible because of the many
stages
in the
universe's development
Countless questions about the origins of our universe
remain
It's only a
matter
of
time
for some
long-sought
answers to
emerge
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