patho final stu doc

• Which of the following describes passive immunity?

  transfer of antibodies from mother to baby
• What is the phase of acute kidney injury that results in a decrease in urine output?

  Oliguric phase
• Which of the following is found in clients with Parkinson’s disease?

  decreased levels of dopamine in the brain
• A client presents with a lateral curvature of the spine as shown in the image below. The nurse knows this is classified as which of the following conditions?

  Scoliosis
• which of the following is a clinical manifesation of septic shock

  decreased capillary permeability
• what is a distinguishing feature of hodgkin disease?

  reed Sternberg cells
• the main functional process of the endocrine system relies on which of the following

  hormones
• Which of the following hormones plays a role in decreasing blood glucose by facilitating glucose uptake into the cells?

  insulin
• Which of the following are risk factors for hypertension (HTN)?

  tobacco use
• Which of the following imbalances is found in clients with syndrome of inappropriate hormone (SIADH) 

  increased secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
• A client has acute respiratory failure (ARF), Which of the following would the student nurse expect to find? 

  hypoxemia and hypercapnia
• Classify the following arterial blood gas results: pH = 7.30. PaCO2= 55 mm Hg,, HCO3=24 mEq/L

  respiratory acidosis
• What is the function of the ribosomes within cells?

  production of proteins
• Which of the following describes the pathophysiology of exercise-induced asthma?

  Bronchospasm after exercise 
• Which of the following can lead to impaired neurological function in clients with increased intracranial pressure? Select all that appl.

  -decreased perfusion of the brain tissue

  -inflammation of the brain tissues

  -compression of the brain
• Which of the following hormones do the kidneys secrete to increase red blood cell production?

  Erythropoietin
• Which of the following factors is not modifiable for clients with hypertension?

  increasing age
• Which of the following is associated with clients who have cystic fibrosis?

  excessive mucous secretion
• Which of the following describes the etiology of a cerebrovascular accident (CVA)?

  lack of blood flow to part of the brain
• What is the best way to prevent spinal cord injuries?

  stabilization to prevent further trauma to the spinal cord 
• Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) often causes which of the following?

  peptic ulcer disease
• Which of the following describes inflammation of the bladder lining?

  Cystitis
• Which of following causes hepatic encephalopathy

  increased ammonia levels in blood stream
• Which of the following is a cause of cardiogenic shock?

  myocardial infarction
• Which of the following leads to the appearance of a barrel chest in clients with emphysema?

  air trapping in the alveoli
• A client is bleeding, platelets within the bloodstream begin aggregating to prevent further blood loss. This is one of the first steps of which of the following processes?

  Hemostasis
• Which of the following is a complication of compartment syndrome?

  pain and tissue damage
• Which of the following is a clinical manifestation of hyperthyroidism?

  tachycardia
• Which of the following is often the cause of a pulmonary embolism (PE)?

  a venous blood clot from the lower extremity
• a client diagnosed with heart failure displays bilateral pitting edema of the lower extremities. which of the following terms is used to describe this finding?

  sign
• What happens to a client with polycythemia? 

  Increased red blood cells being produced 
• Which of the following properties are found in clients with metastatic cancer?

  Cells that invade local tissue and overrun neighboring cells
• which of the following describes the damage to the brain that results in cerebral palsy?

  Irreversible and occurs before, during or after birth or infancy 
• Disturbances in which of the following would cause a client to experience gout?

  uric acid metabolism
• Which of the following hormones helps to raise the blood sugar level to help maintain homeostasis?

  glucagon
• what physiological reaction happens to the body with the fight or flight response?

  increased heart rate
• What is a reperfusion injury?

  secondary injury to the brain after reestablishing blood flow
• Which of the following can occur with clients who have hyponatremia?

  potentially fatal swelling in the brain
• Which disorder is related to breaking down fats for energy in clients with type 1 diabetes?

  Diabetic Ketoacidosis
• Dysfunction of which organ is associated with the development of esophageal varices?

  Liver