Social learning theory

• Social learning theory is a way of explaining behaviour that includes both direct and indirect reinforcement, combining learning theory with the role of cognitive factors (cognitive approach)
• Social learning theory is different to other behaviourist theories as it takes into account the role of mediational processes (thoughts)
• Identification involves associating with the qualities, characteristics and views of role models in order to become more like that person
• Shutts et al (2010) suggests that for children, the age and gender similarities to role models is an important factor when determining if imitation will take place.
• Imitation: the process of copying others' behaviour
• From an observer's perspective, modelling is the imitation of a role model's behaviour
• From the role model's perspective, modelling is the precise demonstration of a behaviour that may be imitated by an observer
• Vicarious reinforcement: reinforcement that is not directly experienced but occurs through observing another person ebing reinforced for that behaviour.
• Vicarious reinforcement is a key factor in imitation
• Mediational processes are cognitive factors that influence learning and come between stimulus and response.
• The four mediational processes involved in learning are:

  • attention
  • retention
  • motor reproduction
  • motivation
• Attention: the extent to which one notices certain behaviours
• Retention: how well the behaviour is remembered
• Motor reproduction: the ability of an observer to perform the target behaviour of their model
• Motivation: the will to perform the behaviour, which is determined by whether it is rewarded or punished
• One becomes a role model if they are perceived to have similar characteristics to observer and/or are attractive and have high status. Role models may not necessarily be physically present in the environment.