Lesson 1: Intro to Biochem

    avatar
    Created by
    Raphael John

    Cards (86)

    • Biochemistry - the study of the chemical substances found in living organisms and the chemical interactions of these substances with each other
    • Biochemistry - the area of chemistry that describes and studies life in terms of molecular level processes.
    • Types of Biochemical Substances:
      • Bioinorganic Substance
      • Bioorganic Substance
    • Bioinorganic - substances mostly that do not contain carbon.
    • Bioorganic - substances that contains carbon
    • Molecular Level Processes - only be seen through microscope
    • Cellular Respiration - The process of releasing energy from glucose in the form of ATP
    • Glycolysis - The breakdown of glucose to produce two pyruvate molecules
    • Krebs Cycle (TCA cycle) - The oxidation of acetyl CoA, producing NADH, FADH2, CO2, and GTP
    • Oxidative Phosphorylation - The process of transferring energy from reduced NADH to oxygen
    • Electron Transport Chain - A series of enzyme-controlled redox reactions that occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane
    • Chemiosmosis - the movement of ions across the membrane of a cell
    • Tonicity - the ability of a solution to cause a cell to change its shape.
    • Isotonic Solution - a solution with an equal concentration of solutes as another solution.
    • Hypertonic Solution - a solution with more solute than another solution.
    • Hypotonic Solution - A solution that has a lower solute concentration than the cell
    • Osmosis - The diffusion of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to one of lower water potential through a selectively permeable membrane.
    • Four Common Elements of Living Organism:
      • Carbon
      • Hydrogen
      • Oxygen
      • Nitrogen
    • Cell - building blocks of life
    • Cell - universal functional unit of all forms of life.
    • Two major classes of Cells:
      • Prokaryotic Cells
      • Eukaryotic Cells
    • Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
      - In 1673, he perfects the simple microscope and observes cell and microorganisms
    • Anton Van Leeuwenhoek
      - He discovered bacteria in 1674 and four years later, he discovers protozoa.
    • Anton Van Leeuwenhoek - father of microbiology
    • Leeuwenhoek coined the term “animalcules” to describe the first microscopic organisms he observed.
    • Robert Hooke (July 18, 1635 – March 3, 1703)
      - In 1665, he published his book “Micrographia”, which contains his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscope
    • Robert Hooke (July 18, 1635 – April 11, 1703)
      - In 1665, he published his book “Micrographia”, which contains his drawings of sections of cork as seen through one of the first microscope
    • Robert Hooke - first to use the word cell
    • Theodore Schwann
      - Studied Animal cells in detail under the microscope
    • Matthias Schleiden
      - He discovered that plant parts are made up of cells
    • Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow
      - Pope of Medicine
    • Rudolf Ludwig Karl Virchow
      - Father of Modern Pathology
    • Rudolph Virchow’s powerful dictum, Omnis cellula e cellula: “All cells only arise from pre-existing cells”
    • Spontaneous Generation Theory
      - by John Needham but debunked but Louis Pasteur
    • Spontaneous Generation Theory
      - by John Needham debunked by Louis Pasteur.
    • Prokaryotic cells  
      - Bacteria 
      - Eubacteria   
      - Archaeabacteria
    • Eukaryotic cells   
      - Protists   
      - Fungi   
      - Plants   
      - Animals
    • Phagocytosis - the process of engulfing and digesting foreign particles
    • Cell Membrane
      - regulates passage of materials
    • Cell Membrane
      - protects and supports the cell
    See similar decks