Intro to Psych 2 Mid-Tri

• In a research study, the variable that is manipulated by the researcher is called the:

  independent variable
• In an experimental design, the group that received the treatment or manipulation is called the:

  experimental group
• What is the primary advantage (and disadvantage) of a quasi-experimental design over a true experimental design?

  they are more ecologically valid but have lower internal validity
• What type of reliability requires an amount of time to pass between test administrators?

  test-retest
• What type of reliability requires just one copy of the test to be administered?

  split-half
• What type of reliability requires another equivalent version of the test to be developed?

  alternate forms
• What compiles Spearman’s Two Factory Theory?

  1. G factor: an intelligence underlying all mental capacities
  2. S factor: ability specific to certain tests
• What is included in Horn & Catell’s Theory of intelligence?

  • GF: general intelligence (doesn’t require prior knowledge)
  • GC: crystallised intelligence (requires prior knowledge)
• What is included in Sternberg’s Triachic Theory of Intelligence?

  1. analytical intelligence
  2. creative intelligence
  3. practical intelligence
• What is Goleman’s Theory based on?

  Emotional intelligence

  • self-awareness
  • self-regulation
  • self-motivation
  • empathy
  • handling relationships
• What are Gardner’s three criteria for selecting intelligences?

  1. brain activity
  2. developmental
  3. savants & prodigies
• What is the formula for IQ?

  measured age / chronological age x 100
• All modern IQ tests are standardised such that the average score is always 100 and the standard deviation is always 15
• Which intelligence test is independent of language, reading and writing skills?

  Raven’s Progressive Matrices
• In adoption studies, the average correlations in intelligence between adopted child and a biological parent (living apart) is:

  0.31
• In adoption studies, the average correlations in intelligence between adopted child and adoptive parent (living together) is:

  0.16
• What is the intelligence heritability estimation?

  50%
• If a person excels in solving abstract puzzles and adapting to new tasks but struggles with factual recall, their performance is indicative of a higher level of:

  fluid intelligence (Gf)
• What does reliability refer to in the context of measurement scales?

  the consistency and stability of the measurements produced by the scale
• Content validity of a scale is concerned with:

  The degree of agreement between different rates using the scale
• Which type of intelligence is most likely to be influenced by educational experiences and cultural factors?

  crystallised intelligence (Gc)
• What is fluid intelligence (Gf)?

  the capacity for reasoning, abstract thinking, and adapting to new situations
• What approach studies a single group of perils as they age over time?

  longitudinal
• What approach studies several groups of people at different ages at one point in time?

  cross-sectional
• What approach studies several groups of different ages as they age over time?

  sequential
• What reflex would you elicit if you put your finger on an infants lips?

  sucking
• What reflex would you elicit if you suddenly pretend to drop an infant?

  moro
• What reflex would you elicit if you touched an infants cheek?

  rooting
• What reflex would you elicit if you put your finger in an infants palm?

  grasping
• Which sense is an adaptive pretence important for survival early on?

  taste
• Which sense distinguishes between pleasant and unpleasant early on?

  smell
• What contraption is used to test infant depth perception?

  The Visual Cliff
• What is fluency in terms of creativity tests?

  how many responses
• What is flexibility in terms of creativity tests?

  how different the responses are from each other
• What is originality in terms of creativity tests?

  how different responses are from other peoples
• What is elaboration in terms of creativity tests?

  how detailed the responses are
• What are the 3 phases of prenatal development?

  1. germinal stage (first 2 weeks)
  2. embryonic stage (2 weeks - 2 months)
  3. fetal stage
• What is a phenotype?

  observable characteristic influences by genotype and environment
• What are the 4 stages of cognitive development (Piaget)

  1. sensorimotor (birth - 2 years)
  2. preoperational (2 - 7 years)
  3. concrete operational (7 - 11 years)
  4. formal operational (12+ years)
• What is the name of things where the learner can do with guidance?

  zone of proximal development (Vygotsky)