CARBOHYDRATES

Subdecks (2)

Cards (83)

  • Carbohydrate oxidation - provides energy
  • Carbohydrate storage - in the form of
    glycogen, provides a short-term energy reserve
  • Carbohydrates supply carbon atoms for the
    synthesis of other biochemical substances
    1. protein
    2. lipids
    3. nucleic acids
  • Carbohydrates form part of the structural
    framework of DNA and RNA molecules.
    • store and carry genetic information
  • Carbohydrates linked to lipids are (help to form) structural
    components of cell membranes.
    • which protect and organized cell
  • Carbohydrates linked to proteins function in
    a variety of cell–cell and cell–molecule recognition processes.
  • A carbohydrate is a polyhydroxy aldehyde, a
    polyhydroxy ketone, or a compound that yields
    polyhydroxy aldehydes or polyhydroxy ketones
    upon hydrolysis.
  • The carbohydrate glucose is a polyhydroxy
    aldehyde, and the carbohydrate fructose is a
    polyhydroxy ketone.
  • The carbohydrate glucose is a polyhydroxy
    aldehyde, and the carbohydrate fructose is a
    polyhydroxy ketone.
  • guess it
    A) aldehyde group
    B) ketone group
    C) glucose
    D) fructose
  • GUESS IT
    A) CHO
    B) C=O
    C) H
    D) HO
    E) H
    F) H
    G) OH
    H) H
    I) OH
    J) OH
    K) CH2OH
    L) HO
    M) H
    N) OH
    O) OH
    P) H
    Q) H
    R) CH2OH
  • MULTIPLE GROUP (-OH), HYDROXYL GROUP - CH2OH
  • ALCOHOL - -OH
    • Hydroxy - represents alcohol group (OH)
    • Poly - many/multiple
    • Polyhydroxy - multiple alcohol group ang present (OH)
    • Aldehyde - laging asa dulo or unahan ng
    bond (CHO)
    • Ketone - C=O
    • Polyhydroxy ketone - carbohydrates
    that have more than one alcohol group
    and ketone group
    • Polyhydroxy aldehyde - carbohydrates
    that have more than one alcohol group
    and ketone group
  • Classification of Carbohydrates
    1. Monosaccharides
    2. Disaccharides
    3. Oligosaccharides
    4. Polysaccharides
    • Monosaccharides - classified as aldose or
    ketose on the basis of the type of carbonyl
    present. (1 unit)
    • Disaccharides - glycosides formed from the
    linkage of two monosaccharides. (2 units)
    • Oligosaccharides - carbohydrates that
    contain three to ten monosaccharide
    units.(3 - 10 units)
    • Polysaccharides - polymers in which
    monosaccharides are the monomers. (more
    than 10 units)
  • Glucose and fructose are - monosaccharides
  • guess
    A) glucose
    B) fructose
  • Most monosaccharides exist in two forms - a “ left
    handed ” and “ right handed ” form.
    • Superimposable mirror images - images that coincide at all points when the images are laid upon each other. (lahat magkakatapat)
  • Nonsuperimposable mirror images -
    images where not all points coincide when
    the images are laid upon each other. (walang
    katapat)
    • Chiral center - an atom in a molecule that has
    four different groups bonded to it in a tetrahedral orientation
  • A molecule that contains a chiral center is
    said to be chiral.
  • A chiral molecule is a molecule whose
    mirror images are not superimposable.
  • Stereoisomerism - the atoms of stereoisomers
    are connected in the same way but are arranged
    differently in space.
  • Two types of Stereoisomerism
    1. enantiomers
    2. diastereomers
    • Diastereomers - have structures that are not
    mirror images of each other