LongQuiz

    Cards (41)

    • What is Operations Research (OR)?

      Operations Research is a multidisciplinary field that employs mathematical methods and analytical techniques to address complex decision-making.
    • What is the primary focus of Operations Research?

      It focuses on optimizing resource allocation and improving decision-making processes.
    • Why is Operations Research often referred to as "the science of better"?

      Because it focuses on optimizing processes, maximizing efficiency, and minimizing costs.
    • When did Operations Research emerge?

      Operations Research emerged during World War II.
    • What was the initial application of Operations Research during World War II?

      It was used to optimize military logistics, radar detection, and resource allocation.
    • What are the key components and concepts associated with Operations Research?

      1. Decision making
      2. Mathematical Modeling
      3. Optimization
      4. Constraint Management
      5. Multi-disciplinary Approach
      6. Applications
      7. Simulation
      8. Decision Support Systems (DSS)
      9. Dynamic Programming
      10. Game Theory
    • What is the role of decision making in Operations Research?

      It is concerned with making informed decisions to improve the performance of systems and processes.
    • How does Operations Research utilize mathematical modeling?

      It relies on mathematical models to represent real-world systems, which can be linear or nonlinear.
    • What is optimization in the context of Operations Research?

      Optimization involves finding the best solution from a set of possible solutions.
    • What does constraint management involve in Operations Research?

      It involves finding solutions that satisfy limitations on resources while achieving desired objectives.
    • What disciplines does Operations Research draw upon?

      It draws on concepts from mathematics, statistics, economics, engineering, and computer science.
    • What are some applications of Operations Research?

      • Supply Chain Management
      • Finance
      • Healthcare
      • Transportation
      • Manufacturing
    • How does Operations Research apply to supply chain management?

      It is used to optimize logistics, inventory management, and distribution networks.
    • In what way does Operations Research assist in finance?

      It is employed in portfolio optimization, risk management, and investment strategies.
    • How does Operations Research contribute to healthcare?

      It helps in resource allocation, scheduling surgeries, and optimizing healthcare systems.
    • What role does Operations Research play in transportation?

      It is used for route planning, scheduling, and capacity utilization in transportation systems.
    • How does Operations Research aid in manufacturing?

      It assists in production planning, scheduling, and quality control.
    • What is the purpose of simulation in Operations Research?

      It models and analyzes complex systems when exact mathematical solutions are impractical.
    • What are Decision Support Systems (DSS) in Operations Research?

      DSS are computer-based tools that help managers solve complex problems.
    • What is dynamic programming in Operations Research?

      It is a technique used to solve problems by breaking them down into smaller subproblems.
    • How does game theory relate to Operations Research?

      Game theory deals with situations where the outcome depends on the choices of others.
    • What are the steps in the typical Operations Research process?

      1. Problem Definition
      2. Model Formulation
      3. Model Solution
      4. Model Validation
      5. Implementation
      6. Feedback and Improvement
    • Why is Operations Research important?

      It provides a powerful approach to decision-making compared to ordinary software and data analytics tools.
    • What is Linear Programming (LP)?

      Linear Programming is a mathematical technique used for optimizing a linear objective function subject to linear constraints.
    • What are the key components of a Linear Programming problem?

      Decision Variables, Objective Function, and Constraints.
    • What are decision variables in Linear Programming?

      They represent the decisions to be made, such as the number of units to produce.
    • What is the objective function in Linear Programming?

      It is a linear function representing the goal of the optimization problem, which can be maximized or minimized.
    • How is the objective function expressed in Linear Programming?

      The objective function is expressed as z=z =c1 c_{1}*x1+x_{1} +c2 c_{2}*x2+x_{2} +...+ ... +cn c_{n}*xnx_{n}.
    • What are constraints in Linear Programming?

      They are linear inequalities or equations that define the limitations of the problem.
    • How are constraints expressed in Linear Programming?

      Constraints are expressed as aija_{ij}*xjbix_{j} \leq b_{i} or aija_{ij}*xjbix_{j} \geq b_{i}.
    • What is the first step in formulating a Linear Programming problem?

      Define the Decision Variables.
    • What is the second step in formulating a Linear Programming problem?

      Construct the Objective Function.
    • What is the third step in formulating a Linear Programming problem?

      Establish the Constraints.
    • What is the fourth step in formulating a Linear Programming problem?

      Ensure that all decision variables are greater than or equal to zero.
    • What are the methods for solving Linear Programming problems?

      1. Graphical Method
      2. Simplex Method
      3. Dual Simplex Method
      4. Interior Point Methods
      5. Software Tools
    • What is the graphical method in Linear Programming?

      It is suitable for LP problems with two decision variables, where the feasible region is plotted on a graph.
    • What is the Simplex Method?

      It is an iterative algorithm used to solve LP problems with more than two decision variables.
    • What is the Dual Simplex Method?

      It is a variant of the Simplex Method used when the initial solution is not feasible.
    • What are Interior Point Methods?

      They are alternatives to the Simplex Method, suitable for solving large-scale LP problems.
    • What software tools can be used for solving Linear Programming problems?

      Excel Solver, LINDO, MATLAB, and Python libraries like SciPy and PuLP.
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