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Social Psychology
lecture 3- attitudes
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Emily Halliday
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Cards (19)
What are the key reasons why
attitudes
are important?
Influence
on behavior
Predict
conduct
Cognitive
framework affecting
information processing
Impact on
social interactions
and conflicts
Shape
values
within cultures
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How is an attitude defined according to
Bohner & Dickel
(
2011
)?
As an
evaluation
of an object of thought
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What are the characteristics of
attitudes
?
They are not directly observable, have multiple
components
, different levels of
awareness
, and are relatively consistent.
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What does the
Tripartite model
of attitudes include?
Affect
: Emotional reactions
Cognition
: Beliefs and thoughts
Behavior
: Reaction tendencies
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What is an example of an
affective component
of an
attitude
?
"I am scared of the dentist."
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What is an example of a
cognitive component
of an
attitude
?
"I think going to the dentist is important to keep healthy teeth."
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What is an example of a
behavioral
component
of an
attitude
?
"I avoid going to the dentist unless it’s an emergency."
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What is the function of attitudes according to the
Theory of Cognitive Dissonance
?
To reduce
cognitive dissonance
(mismatch between thoughts and behavior)
Can motivate attitude change
Self-perception
: Awareness of attitudes through behavior
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What is an example of
cognitive dissonance
in behavior?
Saima
thinks taking care of the environment is important but drives even for short distances.
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How do attitudes form according to Katz’s theory?
Objects paired with
positive
or
negative
stimuli acquire meaning
Influences people's attitudes toward those elements
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What is
classical conditioning
in
attitude formation
?
Pairing an object with positive or negative
stimuli
Influences attitudes based on emotional responses
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What is
operant conditioning
in attitude formation?
Objects followed by
positive
or
negative
reinforcements
Leads to positive or negative attitudes respectively
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What is the aim of evaluating
positive reinforcements
in
attitude formation
?
To see how they influence
participants' attitudes
.
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What does the
Mere Exposure effect
suggest?
Direct repeated experience often results in
preference
More
exposure
leads to more positive attitudes
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What is an example of the
Mere Exposure effect
in consumer behavior?
Preference
for a specific ice cream after repeated exposure.
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How does
imitation
influence
attitudes
?
Copying someone's behavior can lead to more positive attitudes
Example: Imitation of
regional accents
improves attitudes toward the accent
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What are the two routes in the
Elaboration Likelihood Model
?
Central Route
: Involves scrutiny of message content
Peripheral Route
: Accepts or rejects based on superficial cues
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What factors influence the
Central Route
in the
Elaboration Likelihood Model
?
Personal relevance,
need for cognition
, distraction, prior knowledge,
personality traits
.
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What message factors are considered in the
Elaboration Likelihood Model
?
Strong vs. weak arguments
Long arguments
Unilateral vs. bilateral arguments
Need for closure
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