not mock (stem cells)

• what are stem cells

  renewing source of undifferentiated cells that can develop into different specialised cells
• what are the 2 sources of stem cells in animals

  embryos - can differentiate into any kind of cell

  adults - can differentiate into a limited range of cells
• define differentiation

  stem cells divide to become new cells which become specialised
• what are adult stem cells used for in animals

  replacing damaged cells e.g. make new skin or blood cells
• what are stem cells used for in plants

  Plants are always growing, so stem cells are needed to make new shoots and roots throughout their lives. they can differentiate into various plant tissues including xylem and phloem
• give an example of distinct, differentiated cells derived from a common stem cell in animals

  erythrocytes and neutrophils are made from stem cells in bone marrow to replace damaged erythrocytes and neutrophils
• where are stem cells found in plants

  meristems in vascular cambium
• give an example of distinct, differentiated cells derived from a common stem cell in plants

  xylem vessels and phloem sieve tubes are made from stem cells in meristem
• what are the potential uses of stem cells in medicine

  - repairing damaged tissues in a range of diseases such as treatment for neurological conditions

  - research into developmental biology (how organisms grow and develop) to study developmental disorders and cancer