not mock (stem cells)

• what are stem cells

  renewing source of undifferentiated cells that can develop into different specialised cells
• what are the 2 sources of stem cells in animals

  embryos - can differentiate into any kind of cell

  adults - can differentiate into a limited range of cells
• define differentiation

  stem cells divide to become new cells which become specialised
• what are adult stem cells used for in animals

  replacing damaged cells e.g. make new skin or blood cells
• what are stem cells used for in plants

  Plants are always growing, so stem cells are needed to make new shoots and roots throughout their lives. they can differentiate into various plant tissues including xylem and phloem
• give an example of distinct, differentiated cells derived from a common stem cell in animals

  erythrocytes and neutrophils are made from stem cells in bone marrow to replace damaged erythrocytes and neutrophils
• where are stem cells found in plants

  meristems in vascular cambium
• give an example of distinct, differentiated cells derived from a common stem cell in plants

  xylem vessels and phloem sieve tubes are made from stem cells in meristem
• what are the potential uses of stem cells in medicine

  - repairing damaged tissues in a range of diseases such as treatment for neurological conditions

  - research into developmental biology (how organisms grow and develop) to study developmental disorders and cancer
• what are unipotent stem cells?

  stem cell that can differentiate into one type of cell
• what are multipotent stem cells

  stem cells that can differentiate into some types of cells
• what are pluripotent stem cells

  stem cell that can differentiate into all body cells except placenta
• what are totipotent stem cells?

  stem cells that can differentiate into all types of cells
• which type of stem cells are adult stem cells

  multipotent
• what type of stem cells are embryos

  embryos