13.3 Nitrogen Cycle

Cards (29)

  • Which two types of bacteria are involved in nitrogen fixation?
    Free living & mutualistic
  • What's another name for decomposers?
    Saprobio
  • How do nitrate ions enter plant roots?
    Via active transport
  • Why is good drainage important in some soils?
    To maintain aerobic conditions
  • Where are nitrate ions converted back to atmospheric nitrogen?
    During denitrification
  • What are the two steps involved in nitrification?
    1. Oxidation of ammonium ions to nitrate ions
    2. Oxidation of nitrate ions to nitrite ions
  • What conditions are required for nitrification?
    Aerobic soil with plenty of oxygen
  • What conditions are required for denitrification?
    Anaerobic, waterlogged soil
  • Which process occurs naturally when lightning passes through the atmosphere?
    Nitrogen fixation
  • What do peas and beans contain lots of?
    Root nodules for nitrogen-fixing bacteria
  • What do saprotrophs feed on?
    Nitrogen-containing compounds
  • What do saprotrophs release when they feed on dead organisms?
    Ammonia
  • What do ammonia and saprotrophs form in the soil?
    Ammonium ions
  • What type of microorganisms are involved in nitrification?
    Nitrifying bacteria
  • What is the process of nitrification?
    Conversion of ammonium ions to nitrate ions
  • What do nitrifying bacteria require to complete their oxidation reaction?
    Oxygen
  • What is nitrogen fixation?
    Conversion of nitrogen gas into compounds
  • What do free-living N₂-fixing bacteria convert nitrogen gas into?
    Ammonia
  • What do free-living N₂-fixing bacteria use ammonia to make?
    Amino acids
  • What happens to nitrogen-rich compounds when nitrogen-fixing bacteria die?
    They are released into the soil
  • How do nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules benefit plants?
    They provide amino acids
  • What do nitrogen-fixing bacteria obtain from plants?
    Carbohydrates
  • What occurs in waterlogged soils with low oxygen concentration?
    More anaerobic denitrifying bacteria are found
  • What do anaerobic denitrifying bacteria convert soil nitrates into?
    Gaseous nitrogen
  • Why do plants need nitrogen-containing compounds?
    For photosynthesis and protein synthesis
  • What is necessary for productive soils?
    Well aerated conditions
  • What is the chemical formula for nitrate ions?
    NO₃⁻
  • What is the chemical formula for nitrogen gas?
    N₂
  • 4 main processes of the nitrogen cycle:
    • Ammonification
    • Nitrification
    • Nitrogen fixation
    • Denitrification