industry

• What are the key learning objectives for energy supply strategies?

  • Analyse and evaluate key issues related to securing future energy supplies.
  • Use quantitative data to assess the potential future contribution of each energy resource.
• What are the main components of industrial energy conservation?

  • Heat management
  • Electricity infrastructure management
• What are the three strategies for heat management in industrial energy conservation?

  • Bulk storage of hot fluids
  • Use of heat exchangers
  • Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems
• What shape of container has the smallest surface area to volume ratio for bulk storage of hot fluids?

  A sphere
• Why is the surface area important in the bulk storage of hot fluids?

  Because it affects heat loss.
• How does using long, narrow pipes in heat exchangers help in heat exchange?

  They increase the surface area for heat transfer.
• Why are pipes made of conducting material like copper used in heat exchangers?

  To efficiently conduct heat between fluids.
• How is the waste heat in conventional power plants primarily discharged?

  Into the atmosphere or water.
• What does a counter-current system in heat exchangers do?

  It maximises heat exchange by allowing fluids to flow in opposite directions.
• Approximately what percentage of energy is lost in conventional large-scale power plants when converting fuel into electricity?

  ~60%
• Why is it not economically viable to transport waste heat to homes in conventional power stations?

  Because of the large distances between power plants and consumers.
• How does co-generation in CHP systems affect transmission losses?

  It prevents network costs and transmission losses.
• What percentage of fuel is used effectively in CHP systems?

  Up to 96%
• What makes CHP systems more advantageous over solar and wind energy?

  They are more reliable because they are not dependent on wind or weather.
• What are the four main strategies for electricity infrastructure management?

  • High voltage grid
  • Peak shaving/pumped storage HEP
  • ICT to coordinate supply and demand
  • Locational factors affecting development
• What voltage is electricity generated with in the UK?

  25,000V
• To what voltage is electricity stepped up by transformers in the high voltage grid?

  400,000V
• Why is it beneficial to have a high voltage grid?

  To reduce energy waste as heat during transmission.
• What is peak shaving/pumped storage HEP used for?

  Storing surplus energy to be used later during peak demand.
• How does the use of ICT in electricity infrastructure management reduce energy waste?

  By accurately predicting demand and adjusting supply accordingly.
• What does LNG stand for?

  Liquified natural gas
• Name one way human behaviour can help reduce energy consumption at home.

  Turn off lights when not required.
• What are the four units used to measure energy?

  • Joules
  • Watts
  • Kilowatt-hours (kWh)
  • Megawatt-hours (MWh)
• What does one kilowatt-hour represent?

  Using energy at 1 kilowatt for one hour, equal to 3,600,000 joules.
• If you use 2000 joules each second for 30 minutes, how many kilowatt-hours have you used?

  1 kilowatt-hour
• What is the power output of a wind generator proportional to?

  The cube of the wind speed.
• If the wind speed doubles, by what factor will the power output of a wind generator increase?

  Eight (2 x 2 x 2)