attention

    Cards (24)

    • What is the estimated prevalence of ADHD in adults in the UK?
      3% to 4%
    • What is the male-to-female ratio for ADHD in the UK?
      Approximately 3:1
    • What manual is used to diagnose ADHD?
      The DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual)
    • What must a person display to receive an ADHD diagnosis?
      Ongoing patterns of inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity
    • What is the definition of attention according to the DSM-5?
      Cognitive process of selectively focusing
    • What are the functions of attention?
      • Facilitates learning and memory
      • Enhances productivity and task performance
      • Affects perception and awareness
      • Supports decision-making
      • Ensures safety and survival
    • What is focused attention also known as?
      Selective attention
    • Who described the cocktail party problem?
      Cherry (1953)
    • What does the cocktail party problem illustrate?
      Following one conversation amidst many
    • What is bottleneck processing?
      A filter for processing relevant information
    • What do Broadbent’s filter theory and Treisman’s attenuation theory explain?
      Where the bottleneck in attention occurs
    • What is the main difference between attended and unattended stimuli?
      Unattended stimuli receive less processing
    • What does Lavie’s load theory suggest about cognitive resources?
      They are limited for processing stimuli
    • What is perceptual load?
      Amount of information in task stimuli
    • What is a limitation of Lavie’s load theory?
      It does not apply to auditory modality
    • What is neglect in the context of focused attention?
      A disorder involving right-hemisphere damage
    • What is divided attention also referred to as?
      Multitasking
    • What are controlled processes according to Shiffrin and Schneider (1977)?
      Limited capacity and require attention
    • What characterizes automatic processes?
      No capacity limitation and do not require attention
    • What is the difference between automatic and controlled processing?
      Automatic is fast and parallel; controlled is slow and serial
    • What is serial processing?
      One process is completed before the next starts
    • What is parallel processing?
      More than one process occurs at the same time
    • What is a limitation of Shiffrin and Schneider’s theoretical approach?
      It oversimplifies the distinction between processes
    • What are the differences between controlled and automatic processes?
      • Controlled processes:
      • Limited capacity
      • Require attention
      • Can be modified with practice
      • Automatic processes:
      • No capacity limitation
      • Do not require attention
      • Hard to modify once learned
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