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cognitive psych
attention
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Cards (24)
What is the estimated prevalence of ADHD in adults in the UK?
3%
to
4%
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What is the male-to-female ratio for ADHD in the UK?
Approximately 3:1
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What manual is used to diagnose ADHD?
The
DSM
(Diagnostic and Statistical Manual)
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What must a person display to receive an ADHD diagnosis?
Ongoing patterns of
inattention
or
hyperactivity-impulsivity
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What is the definition of attention according to the DSM-5?
Cognitive process
of
selectively focusing
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What are the functions of attention?
Facilitates
learning and memory
Enhances
productivity and task performance
Affects
perception and awareness
Supports
decision-making
Ensures
safety and survival
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What is focused attention also known as?
Selective attention
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Who described the cocktail party problem?
Cherry
(
1953
)
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What does the cocktail party problem illustrate?
Following one
conversation
amidst many
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What is bottleneck processing?
A
filter
for processing relevant information
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What do Broadbent’s filter theory and Treisman’s attenuation theory explain?
Where the
bottleneck
in attention occurs
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What is the main difference between attended and unattended stimuli?
Unattended stimuli receive less
processing
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What does Lavie’s load theory suggest about cognitive resources?
They are limited for processing
stimuli
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What is perceptual load?
Amount
of information in task stimuli
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What is a limitation of Lavie’s load theory?
It does not apply to
auditory modality
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What is neglect in the context of focused attention?
A disorder involving
right-hemisphere
damage
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What is divided attention also referred to as?
Multitasking
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What are controlled processes according to Shiffrin and Schneider (1977)?
Limited
capacity
and require attention
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What characterizes automatic processes?
No
capacity limitation
and do not
require
attention
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What is the difference between automatic and controlled processing?
Automatic is fast and
parallel
; controlled is slow and
serial
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What is serial processing?
One process is completed before the
next
starts
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What is parallel processing?
More than one process occurs at the same time
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What is a limitation of Shiffrin and Schneider’s theoretical approach?
It oversimplifies the
distinction
between processes
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What are the differences between controlled and automatic processes?
Controlled processes:
Limited capacity
Require attention
Can be modified with practice
Automatic processes:
No capacity limitation
Do not require attention
Hard to modify once learned
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