CD

• Dengue fever, also known as Dandy fever, Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Dengue shock syndrome fever, and Infectious Thrombocytopenic Purpura, is a viral infection that affects both children and adults.
• Dengue fever is seasonal and occurs every rainy season due to stagnant waters.
• Dengue fever is transmitted by female mosquitoes, which are low flying and day flying, and have stripes.
• Dengue fever symptoms include fever, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, severe abdominal pain, and tenderness.
• Dengue fever can cause melena, or black tarry stool, due to the presence of black blood from the stomach.
• If IBCF is seen in the stool, it means to avoid dark colored food.
• Dengue fever can cause severe itching, or Pruritus.
• Dengue fever can cause bradycardia, which can be detected by a 2D echo.
• Dengue fever can be classified into four grades according to severity: Grade 1 (Dengue fever), Grade 2 (Dengue hemorrhagic fever), Grade 3 (Dengue Shock syndrome), and Grade 4 (Profound shock).
• Grade 1 (Dengue fever) symptoms include fever, anorexia, non-specific, constitutional symptoms, and only hemorrhagic manifestation is positive in torniquet test.
• The incubation period for HTLV-3 is 6 months.
• The virus HTLV-3 is also known as Human T Lymphotropic virus, Lymphadenopathy associated virus, and Aids related Virus.
• The prevalence of HTLV-3 is 65% in homosexual or bisexual individuals, 8% in homosexual and bisexual individuals who are IV drug users, 17% in heterosexual individuals who are IV drug users, 2.4% in hemophilia patients (problems in blood clotting, need to receive constant BT), 1% in female heterosexuals, and 1% in children born to infected mothers.
• Early symptoms of HTLV-3 include fever, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes, diarrhea (most common), weight loss, shortness of breath, and flu-like symptoms that occur after 3 to 6 weeks of infection.
• Primary symptoms of HTLV-3 include muscle soreness, rash, headache, sore throat, mouth and genital ulcers, swollen lymph nodes, night sweats, joint pain, diarrhea, and flu-like symptoms that occur after 3 to 6 weeks of infection.
• Diagnostic tests for HTLV-3 include ELISA, which only tests the presence of antibodies against HTLV-3.
• Diseases that might make a patient die from HTLV-3 include PCP (Pneumocystis pneumonia) and Kaposi Sarcoma.
• Treatment for HTLV-3 is directed to specific opportunistic infections and involves taking medicine at exactly 6am in the morning.
• Grade 2 (Dengue hemorrhagic fever) symptoms include all symptoms of Grade 1, and spontaneous bleeding from the nose, gums, and GIT.
• Rash is usually not itchy.
• Fever is a symptom of syphilis.
• Body aches are a symptom of syphilis.
• Sore throat is a symptom of syphilis.
• Swollen lymph nodes are a symptom of syphilis.
• Hair loss is a symptom of syphilis.
• Latent syphilis is a stage with no clinical symptoms.
• Late syphilis, or tertiary stage, affects about 15 - 30% of people infected and who do not get treatment, causing complications such as damage to the brain, nerves, eyes, heart, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints.
• Risk factors for syphilis include being sexually active and having multiple partners.
• Pen G (DOC) is the treatment for syphilis.
• The period of communicability for syphilis can last up to 5 years if sexual, but at peak of 2 years it can spread.
• Communicable diseases are illnesses due to infectious agents or their toxic products which are transmitted directly or indirectly to a person or animal or an agency of intermediate host/vector.
• Contagious diseases can easily be transferred from one person to another.
• Infectious diseases need direct inoculation for them to be transferred to another person.
• Noncommunicable diseases, such as asthma, hypertension, diabetes, are not transmittable.
• Ways to prevent the spread of a disease include immunization against infectious diseases, washing and drying hands regularly, personal hygiene, staying home when sick, covering mouth when coughing or sneezing, cleaning surfaces regularly, proper ventilation of home, proper preparation of foods, practicing safe sex, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
• Chain of infection: Infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, modes of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host.
• Immunization is the process in which an individual’s immune system becomes fortified against infectious agents.
• Vaccination is the act of introducing a substance into the body.
• Five main types of vaccines are attenuated, inactivated, toxoids, subunit, and conjugated.
• Expanded Program Immunization is a program intended for children below 12 months old.