Ch6

• Trans unsaturated fatty acids are found in vegetable oils and are produced by bacteria in the gut of ruminant animals.
• Trans fatty acids are formed when unsaturated vegetable oils are hydrogenated to form more saturated oils, such as in margarine.
• Some of the cis fatty acids are isomerized to trans fatty acids during the hydrogenation process.
• Trans fatty acids are naturally found in animal products, such as meat, milk, and other dairy products.
• Trans fatty acids are also found in plant oils used under high temperature in frying.
• Trans fatty acids are much more linear than cis fatty acids, so their melting points are higher
• Daily intake of 5 g trans fat increases the risk of heart disease by 25%.
• Khellin and visnagin are used as bronchodilators in asthma.
• Khellin and visnagin are used as coronary vasodilators in angina.
• Griseofulvin is used as an antifungal drug.
• Khellin and visnagin are muscle relaxants used in spasmolytic in renal calculi and renal spasm.
• Griseofulvin is an antifungal agent produced by cultures of Penicillium griseofulvum.
• Khellin and visnagin are furochromones found in the fruits of Ammi visnaga, family (Umbelliferae/Apiaceae).
• Griseofulvin is an example of a spiro compound.
• Khellin have been exploited by developing the more polar, water-soluble derivative cromoglycate, which works as an anti-asthmatic inhaler and anti-allergic in eye drops.
• Ricinoleic acid is the major fatty acid found in castor oil, which is derived from Ricinus communis, and it is the 12-hydroxy derivative of oleic acid, formed by direct hydroxylation.
• Castor oil has a long history of use as a domestic purgative, but it is now mainly employed as a cream base.
• Echinacea consists of the dried roots of Echinacea purpurea, a member of the Asteraceae family.
• Echinacea is used as immunostimulants, particularly as prophylactics and treatments for bacterial and viral infections.
• Lovastatin is produced by the fungus Monascus ruber and Aspergillus terreus and is a reversible competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, lowering sterol biosynthesis and reducing total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels.
• Mycophenolic acid is produced by fermentation cultures of the fungus Penicillium brevicompactum and has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antitumor properties.
• Medicinally important polyene antifungals include the amphotericin B and the nystatin.
• The erythromycins are macrolide antibiotics produced by cultures of Saccharopolyspora erythraea and are predominantly active against Gram-positive bacteria.
• The structure of the erythromycins consists of three parts: a macrocyclic lactone ring, a side chain, and a methyl group.
• The macrolides are a large family of compounds, many with antibiotic activity, characterized by a macrocyclic lactone ring.
• Mevastatin is produced by the fungus Penicillium citrinum and Penicillium brevicompactum and is a reversible competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, lowering sterol biosynthesis and reducing total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels.
• Mupirocin is produced by the fungus Pseudomonas fluorescens and consists of a mixture of pseudomonic acids, the major components being pseudomonic acid A (about 90%) and pseudomonic acid B (about 8%).
• Mupirocin is an antibiotic used clinically for the treatment of bacterial skin infections and for controlling Staphylococcus aureus, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
• The polyene antifungals are a group of macrocyclic lactones with very large 26-38-membered rings and are characterized by the presence of a series of conjugated Trans double bonds.
• Medicinal use of fatty acid in Ricinoleic acid include Castor oil
• Echinacea uses include immunostimlant activity
• Mupirocin is made of fungus Psedomonas fluorescens and it is an antibiotic
• Mupirocin consists of mixture of Pseudomonic acids, major componant is Pseudomonic acid A (90%) and Pseudomonic acid B (8%)
• Mupirocin is antibiotic against Staphylococcus aures