21st Century Literature

• Literature


  defined as the body of written works produced in a particular language, place, or age
• beauty of expression, universality, intellectual, and emotional appeal


  literature is characterized by
• importance of literature


  improves language proficiency, enhances understanding about culture, shapes our goals, and values by clarifying our own identity
• prose, poetry, drama


  3 major genres of literature
• 21st century literature


  anything written and published in the year 2000's
• Imaginative writing deals with current themes and reflects technological culture breaks

  Traditional writing traces artistic representation of shared experiences


  characteristics of 21st lit
• imaginative capable of using internet and create a meaningful output open to a lot of possibilities possesses literary skills which include technological abilities for comm

  qualities of a 21st century literature writer
• Pre-spanish period


  - based on oral tradition

  - collective imaginary and common experiences of a specific community

  - myths, epics, legends, proverbs, and riddles
• Spanish period


  - In early 15th century, spanish occupied the Philippines

  - Distinct characteristics are religious and secular

  - New literary forms or genres emerged

  - REALIST NOVELS

  - CHRISTIAN NARRATIVE POEMS

  - NARRATIVES ABOUT FAITH

  - COMEDY

  - ESSAYS

  - SCIENCE FICTIONS
• Propaganda & revolutionary


  - Ignited nationalism in Filipinos

  - Language shifted from Spanish to Filipino

  - Literary texts demanded complete independence and freedom of the country

  - Realism and fantasy have maintained their status as the dominant genres in the Philippine literature
• pre-war


  - Literature is greatly influenced by European and Western writers

  - Significant occurrences in the country's history weaved the themes of the literary outputs published during this era
• post-war


  - Philippine Independence was granted on July 4,1946

  - The influence of American was pivotal in this period's literature
• Marcos era


  - Martial Law repressed and curtailed human rights including freedom of the press

  - Writers used symbolism and allegories to send their message while heavy censorship is imposed
• People power revolution


  - Improvement of writing in the Philippine language other than Tagalog

  - Multilingual and multicultural emerged aiming for national literature
• Illustrated novels


  Hybrid narrative mediums that incorporate sequential art & and writing. While art is used to complement the novel, images, & texts are essentially interdependent. Alice in wonderland, The Prague Cemetery, Treasure Island
• Graphic novel


  sub genre of comics that is akin to a novel in length and includes text images, word balloons, sound effects, and panels without serializing its narrative. It relies on illustrations to tell a complete story. Watchmen, Sandman, Dark Knight returns
• Digital Fiction


  born-digital works of fiction that are created for and read from digital media. Hyperlinks, moving images, mini-games, or sound effects. Patchwork Girl, Skeleton Creek, Underbelly
• Manga


  Japanese word for comics. Comic books and graphic novels originally produced and published in Japan that are characterized by distinctive art styles. One-punch man, My hero academia, Layers of Fear, Junji
• Doodle fiction


  - illustrated narrative where the book is styled with handwritten text and doodle drawings. Its graphics are used to enhance the story and add humorous elements. Dork diaries, diary of wimpy kid, captain underpants
• Chick Lit


  modern literature intended tp appeal to women that typically focuses on romantic or sentimental themes and the lives of womendevil wears pradamean girlsBridget jones diaryconfessions of a shopaholic
• flash fiction


  short-short stories, microfiction, micro-stories, or postcard fiction. brief and enclosed. 5-1000 word countgive it up asthma attackeveryone cried
• speculative fiction


  super genre that encompasses science, fiction, fantasy, horror, non-realist genres. Elements that dont exist in reality, history, or present universe, and specilates on the outcomesgame changerend and other beginningsthe handmaid's tale
• spoken poetry


  form of poetry inteded for performance, characterized by rhyme, repetition, improvisation, word play. Originates from oral trad and perf, perf art that focuses on self-expression.
• Folk literature


  - a kind of story that gets passed on from generation to generation.

  - do not have a single author.

  - they develop as different people tell them over time.

  - creations of "the folk," or the people.

  - the tales were passed orally and never written down.

  - storytellers would memorize the stories and keep them alive.

  6 TYPES: M E L FT P R
• philippine literature


  - is a broad and rich collection of works that has grown alongside the country's history.

  - It focuses on the country's pre-colonial cultural traditions as well as the colonial and current traditions of the Philippines.

  - At the time of conquest and conversion to Christianity, the existing literature of the Philippine ethnic groups was primarily oral, consisting of epics, legends, songs, riddles, proverbs etc.
• Legends


  - explains events and realities- more secular narratives developed of closer ties to a locale- embody naive knowledge
• folktales


  - most fictive type of folk lit- does not embody dogma nor history- fairy tales, fables, trickster tales, and religious tales
• christian narratives


  pasyon christian narrative poemsinakulopassion and death of christ
• drama


  komedya awit korido
• realism


  Most conductive structures of showing social realities- noli me- el fili
• fantasy


  - begins and ends in the here and now of the reader

  - characters tend to be more ambiguous than those in fairytales who are either good or evil

  - emerged through words of Nick Joaquin and Gilda Cordero

  - Fernando
• literary criticism


  Comparison, Analysis, Interpretation, and/or evaluation of works of literature. An opinion, supported by evidence, relating to theme, style, setting or historical or political context
• formalist criticism


  look closely at the work itself, analyzing the various elements of the work as a way of explicating or interpreting a text
• marxism


  Derived from the name of Karl Marx. Social economic and political philosophy that analyses the impact of the ruling class on the laborers leading to uneven distributions in society. Stimulates workers to protest the injusctice
• structuralism


  relates the text to the larger, wider structure through inter-textual connections or repetitive patterns.
• sociological criticism


  Examines literature in the cultural, economic, and political context. Analyze the social content of literary work
• Reader Response Criticism


  explore the impact of a particular text to the reader and their values. Attempts to describe what happens in the readers mind while interpreting a text
• biographical criticism


  understanding a literary work by studying the authors life
• psycho analytic criticism

  themes conflicts and characterizations of a work primarily as a reflection of the needs, emotions, states of mind, subconscious desires of the author.
• New Historicism


  impact of the politics, ideologies, social customs of the author's world on the themes, images, and characterizations of a tezt. Considers historical events or conditions during which the work was written.