4-5

• Connections - the ability to network and build useful relationships with other powerful individuals and organizations. For example, occasionally one hears the expression, "S/he's well connected.
• Large numbers of people - provide evidence of support for an idea. A recent increase in membership of a watershed group, for example, could have an impact on a county commissioner.
• Rewards

  The ability to give recognition, visibility, money, or other tangible items. For example, an agency, a community foundation, a county commission, or a financially powerful individual or business may have monies or other assets that can be distributed to a conservation initiative that meets their mission or priorities.
• Personal traits An individual's charisma, creativity, charm, leadership abilities, or some combination of these characteristics can foster the respect and loyalty of others.
• Legitimate power The position (office, title) of the leader. Usually, the higher the office, the more powerful the person is. The city manager, for example, holds a higher position and has more power than the city engineer. Or the chief of an American Indian tribe has traditional and legitimate power.
• Expertise Knowledge, skill, and talent, combined with respect for the skill. A district conservationist can bring valuable skills to a conservation initiative. 19
• Information The ability to channel - or withhold - information. The mass media has this type of power.
• Coercion The attempt to influence others using a negative style , such as using intimidation or manipulation. This contributed to the concept of power as a "dirty word" and is now less accepted.
• Community Engagement

  The term engagement denotes interaction sharing, and relationships at different level example you are talking to your parents or sharing your thoughts with your frend in that you are engaging in communication or interaction with one another It can also be defined as the partnership between two parties such as academic institutions and local communities for mutual benefits and is characterized by reciprocal relations.
• Community Engagement

  "Engagement is now a mindset ensuring that education can meet its multiple responsibilities Creating a culture of learning, directing research, and teaching to sustainable development and strengthening links with social partners are now inescapable obligations for educational institutions
• Citizenship

  The term citizenship denotes muimbership of a citizen in The membership implies a a duty d of allegiance on the a political society part of the member and a duty of protection on the part of the state.
• Citizenship

  A citizen, on the other hand, refers to a member of a democratic community who enjoys full civil and political rights and is accorded protection inside and outside the territory of the state.
• Solidarity

  As a concept is still ambiguous although, in this discussion, the normative perspective shall be applied and used as a positively valued model of relations between social entities.
• SOLIDARITY

  Is about regarding our fellow human beings justly and respecting who they are as a person. Based on the perspective that a person is a relational being a person is in connection with other people, with the society, and with the environment. This means that a person must relate responsibly and act in solidarity with others and the whole of humanity. His or her acts affect others and consequently affect him/her as well
• Income Inequality

  Research shows that when a country grows economically, overall poverty reduces. If the national income is not equally distributed among all communities in the country, there is a risk that poorer communities will end up poorer, and individuals will feel it most.
• Income Inequality

  For example, when government officials are corrupt there is a possibility that the national income will not be distributed equally therefore the poor people will suffer.
• Conflicts and Unrest

  About 33% of communities in absolute poverty live in places of conflict In the past, countries like Rwanda and Sri Lanka have suffered poverty because of years of tribal and civil wars. In recent years, Afghanistan, Iraq, and the like are all going through difficult times and poverty is rife in these areas.
• Conflicts and Unrests

  Result in Aur massive loss of human life, diseases, hunger and violence, destruction of property and infrastructure, economic investments, and quality labor. It is also a put-off for foreign investments. Wealth can never be created in such an environment.
• Natural Disasters

  Droughts, floods, hurricanes, and other unexpected natural events cause deaths, illness, and loss of income. In Ethiopia alone, there were 15 droughts (and famines) between 1978 and 1998 that led to the displacement, injury, or death of more than 1 million people.
• Natural Disasters

  In better-connected communities, families can come out of poverty and get on with their lives, but other remote and less accessible communities suffer for longer periods.
• Location, adverse, ecology.

  The location of countries, as well as communities within the country can make people poor. Geographic and ecological factors such as mountains, swamps, deserts, and the like have also made life conditions unbearable in many places. This is why some rural areas are poorer than others, even in the same country. For example, poverty in the Andes, Peru is six times higher than communities in the Amazonian region. In other instances, some communities are cut off from the main economic centers of the country.
• Location, adverse ecology.

  They find themselves located so far from roads, markets, health services, schools, and economic facilities. This makes it just Impossible for the locals to access support and assistance and makes it discouraging for economic investors to consider investing there.
• Location, adverse ecology.

  In Bangladesh for example, poverty is severe in areas of physical remoteness, as indicated by the fact that seven rural districts are home to half of the country's severely stunted children.
• Health and Disability.

  Poverty can also get worse if communities are affected by diseases such as Malaria and HIV aids. Diseases cause many deaths and children are left with no parents or caregivers. Household wealth can also drain quickly with disabled members. In many communities, disabled members are looked down upon and not allowed to inherit assets.
• Health and Disability

  They are considered stigma and excluded from public events and exposure. This mentality can adversely affect the well-being of families. For example, the incidence of poverty is 15-44% higher in households with a disabled head or adult.
• Inheritance of Poverty

  Families that have had a lifetime of poverty tend to pass on the situation to their children. They cannot afford education for their children and children grow up with no skills.
• Inheritance of Poverty

  Children work on the same family farms and marry into families with similar conditions as they turn adults. They in turn pass on the tradition to their children.
• Gender discrimination.

  In many African communities, girls were not allowed to be in school. Families preferred to invest in boys' education than in girls. Women were also not allowed to do major economic activity and had less ownership of lands and assets.
• Gender discrimination.

  This idea negatively impacts the well-being of women, and the development of their children is also impacted negatively.