biology p1 (bioenergetics)

• What process do plants use to make their own food?

  Photosynthesis
• What do plants produce during photosynthesis?

  Glucose from carbon dioxide and water
• What are the word and symbol equations for photosynthesis?

  6 CO₂ + 6 H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 O₂
• Why is it important not to confuse photosynthesis with respiration?

  They are reverse processes of each other
• What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

  Endothermic reaction
• What pigment absorbs light energy for photosynthesis?

  Chlorophyll
• Where is chlorophyll located in plant cells?

  In chloroplasts, especially in mesophyll cells
• What part of the plant is primarily responsible for photosynthesis?

  Plant leaves
• How does carbon dioxide enter the leaves for photosynthesis?

  Through the stomata
• How does water enter the plant for photosynthesis?

  Through the roots and xylem
• What is formed as a waste product of photosynthesis?

  Oxygen
• What happens to the oxygen produced during photosynthesis?

  Some is used for respiration, some is released
• What is glucose used for in plants?

  For respiration and biosynthesis of materials
• What are the uses of glucose not used for respiration?

  • Converted to starch for storage
  • Used to build cellulose for cell walls
  • Converted to lipids for seed storage
  • Used to form amino acids and proteins
• What factors affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature
• How does light intensity affect photosynthesis?

  Increases rate until a limiting factor occurs
• What happens to the rate of photosynthesis at low light intensities?

  It increases linearly
• How does carbon dioxide concentration affect photosynthesis?

  Increased concentration raises the rate
• What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?

  They become denatured
• How does temperature affect the rate of photosynthesis?

  Enzyme activity is temperature-dependent
• What part of the light spectrum does chlorophyll absorb?

  Red and blue parts
• Why are leaves with more chlorophyll better for photosynthesis?

  They absorb more light energy
• What is the compensation point in photosynthesis?

  Where oxygen production equals carbon dioxide uptake
• How does the rate of photosynthesis change during the year?

  It varies with seasonal changes
• What is the optimum temperature range for rice photosynthesis?

  30-32°C
• What is the maximum temperature for wheat photosynthesis?

  38°C
• How does climate change affect crop production?

  It may negatively impact production
• What can be investigated to study the effect of light on photosynthesis?

  Different wavelengths of light using filters
• How can the effect of chlorophyll on photosynthesis be studied?

  Using variegated plants with chlorophyll variations
• What are the main products of photosynthesis?

  • Glucose
  • Oxygen
• What are the reactants needed for photosynthesis?

  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water
  • Light energy
• What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?

  • Absorbs light energy
  • Converts light energy into chemical energy
• What is the significance of the stomata in photosynthesis?

  • Allows carbon dioxide to enter leaves
  • Facilitates gas exchange
• What is the role of xylem in photosynthesis?

  • Transports water from roots to leaves
• What is the role of the palisade mesophyll in photosynthesis?

  • Contains chloroplasts for maximum light absorption
• What is the role of the spongy mesophyll in photosynthesis?

  • Facilitates gas exchange and light absorption
• What is the importance of starch in plants?

  • Storage form of carbohydrate
• What is the importance of cellulose in plants?

  • Provides strength to cell walls
• What is the importance of lipids in plants?

  • Used for storage in seeds
• What is the importance of amino acids in plants?

  • Building blocks for proteins