RARS

• Macro Skills:

  • Reading
  • Writing
  • Listening
  • Speaking
• Top-down Theory

  • mind to text; interest, idea, experience
• Bottom-Up Theory

  • text to mind
• Reading

  • a complex cognitive process of decoding symbols in order to construct their meaning.
  • A means of language acquisition of communication, and of sharing of ideas.
• 3 Domains of Learning

  • Cognitive - Brain/mind
  • Affective - heart/emotion
  • Psychomotor - physical/kinesthetic
• Symbols > Sounds > Words > Phrases > Clauses > Sentences > Paragraphs > Reading Material
• Writer <-> Reader = Interactive Process

  
  

  The reader will:

  - Ask questions

  - Analyze assertions

  - Relates one’s experience
• When reading, consider:

  • READER'S GOAL
  • WRITER'S PURPOSE
  • TONE AND STYLE
• TONE

  • It reflects the attitude of the writer regarding the topic at hand (i.e. friendly or critical).
• STYLE

  • It refers to the kind of language the writer chose in writing (i.e. formal or informal).
• PATTERNS

  • structure of written texts that experts across disciplines use to write and communicate their ideas.
• TEXT

  • The published material, either in print or electronic, written to communicate ideas.
• DISCIPLINES

  • field of expertise or a body of knowledge
• Patterns

  • structure of written texts that experts across disciplines use to write and communicate their ideas
• Humanities

  • also called the liberal arts —include philosophy, religion, art, music, literature, history, and language.
  • seeks to analyze, interpret, argue, and/or explain thoughts, reactions, ideas, and emotions.
  • to explain or understand the human experience and human values.
• Research Writing

  • research paper investigating the history of a particular theoretical approach
• Interpretive/Analytical Writing

  • literary analysis
  • review or critique
• Theoretical Writing

  • expository essay
  • persuasive essay
• Creative Writing

  • poems, stories, novels, songs
• Science

  • includes fields such as astronomy, biology, chemistry, and physics
• Academic writing

  • addresses new scientific developments and clarifications of scientific questions, Writing in these disciplines often takes the form of peer-reviewed journal articles, literature reviews, grant proposals, case studies, and lab reports.
• SCIENCE

  • Writing in the sciences seeks to explain complex phenomena (clear, straightforward, avoids bias.)
  • The body of a scientific paper generally consists of the following Sections: IMRAD
• BUSINESS

  • often means explaining a situation, event, or change in order to compel the reader toward a very specific action.
  • writings include resumes and cover letters, proposals, instructions, business and sales letters, emails, business plans, case analyses, memoranda, performance reviews, and professional biographies
• • Primary intended recipient
  • Secondary not intended but may receive or read it