QMS - Finals

• Quality planning is a systematic approach to ensuring that products and services meet customer requirements and expectations.
• The product creation cycle is divided into six stages: product planning, product design and development, process design and development, product and process validation, production, and feedback, assessment, and corrective action.
• Tools and techniques that can be used for quality planning include customer surveys, quality function deployment, failure mode and effects analysis, basic principles of reliability, design of experiments, and tolerancing.
• Customer surveys are used to find the needs of the customers.
• Quality function deployment is used for selecting product features that would respond to customer needs.
• Failure mode and effects analysis is used to proof the product and process designs against possible failures.
• Basic principles of reliability are needed to define, specify, measure, and achieve reliability in products.
• Design of experiments is used to select product characteristics (or process parameters) to obtain desired product (or process) performance.
• Tolerancing is used to determine the economic limits of variability for product characteristics and process parameters.
• Product planning is the first stage of planning for a product when the major features for the product are determined.
• Design of Experiments (DOE) is a systematic approach for investigating and optimizing process or product variables.
• Six Sigma is a set of management techniques intended to improve business processes by greatly reducing the probability that an error or defect will occur.
• Regression Analysis is a technique used to prioritize and focus improvement efforts by identifying and ranking the most significant factors contributing to a problem.
• Statistical Methodologies that are used throughout the Six Sigma framework include Hypothesis Testing, Design of Experiments (DOE), Measurement Systems Analysis (MSA), and Process Capability Analysis.
• TQM integrates the following statistical concepts to analyze and enhance organizational processes: Pareto Analysis, Scatter Diagrams, Regression Analysis, and Control Charts.
• The main principle of Six Sigma revolves around the DMAIC model, a roadmap for Six Sigma, used to improve the quality of results that company processes produce.
• Process Capability Analysis assesses the ability of a process to meet customer specifications.
• Total Quality Management (TQM) is a management philosophy centered on continual enhancement, customer contentment, and the engagement of all staff within an organization.
• Key Metrics for Process Capability Analysis include Cp, Cpk, Pp, and Ppk.
• Finding customer needs, also referred to as “listening to the voice of the customer,” can be done through surveying of past and potential customers, listening to focus groups of customers, collecting information from the history of complaints and warranty services, and learning from the experiences of cross-functional team members.
• Customer survey aims to identify customer needs and the level of importance that customers attach to the different needs.
• Two common sampling techniques for customer surveys are simple random sampling and stratified random sampling.
• Quality Function Deployment is a method used to closely tie the design features of a product with the expressed preferences and needs of the customers.
• The major component of the QFD method is a matrix created with the customers’ preferences in the rows and the design features selected to meet those preferences in the columns.
• A process for determining the importance of customer preferences in the context of product design is known as Quality Function Deployment.
• Dr. Deming died in 1993 at the age of 93.
• Dr. Deming taught the Japanese how to implement statistical quality control methods and introduced his management philosophy, contained in his 14 points.
• Dr. Deming taught classes in statistical process control techniques and studied statistical theory in London with Sir Ronald A. Fisher.
• Dr. Deming earned a BS in electrical engineering from the University of Wyoming and later a master's degree in mathematics and physics from the University of Colorado.
• In 1947, Dr. Deming went to Japan to help with census work and in 1950, he assisted the Union of Japanese Scientists and Engineers in spreading knowledge of statistical quality control within Japanese industry.
• In recognition of his contribution, the Japanese instituted the Deming Prize and Emperor Hirohito awarded Dr. Deming the Order of the Sacred Treasure, Second Class.
• During the 1980s, Dr. Deming brought the lessons of quality to American industry and participated in the quality revolution.
• Dr. Deming also earned a PhD in physics from Yale.
• Dr. Deming organized lectures in statistics at the Graduate School of the Department of Agriculture and participated in using sampling techniques to evaluate and improve data accuracy at the Census Bureau.
• Dr. W. Edwards Deming taught the Japanese how to organize and manage a system for quality.
• During World War II, Dr. Deming assisted the Statistical Research Group at Columbia University in spreading statistical methods among manufacturers.
• False alarms can occur in X-charts, and sample size determination is important.
• 3-sigma limits are commonly used in control charts, and frequency sampling can be adjusted based on process stability.
• Control charts are used to control processes and have many benefits, including avoidance of defectives and improved customer relationships.
• Control charts require selecting variables, preparing instruments, and preparing check sheets.