y11 phx

• Heat: a form of energy that can be transferred (J)
• Temperature: a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance (C)
• Ice cream experiences positive heating, causing change in state from solid to liquid. The heat energy has been transferred from the air to the ice cream, causing it to melt
• sea breeze: during the day, the sun heats both the land and the sea. however, land heats up more quickly than water. As a result, the air above the land becomes warmer and rises. As the warm air over the land rises, cooler air from the sea moves in to replace it. This creates a convention current. The sea breeze blows from the sea towards the land because air moves from areas of high pressure (sea) to low pressure (land)
• black surfaces are best absorbers and best emitters, white vice versa
• Specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of heat energy needed to change the temperature of 1kg of the substance by 1 degrees C
• Latent heat of a pure substance is how much heat energy is absorbed or released when 1 kg of the substance changes state without changing its temperature
• electromagnetic waves can travel in a vacuum at 3x10^8 (speed of light)
• total internal reflection and critical angle: from more dense to less dense, angle of incidence must cause angle of reflection to be 90 degrees to the normal line
• Heat is the total kinetic and potential energies of the particle that make up the object
• K->C = +273
• electromagnetic spectrum: Gamma, Xray, UV, visible light, infrared, microwave, radio
• magnetic fields: an area where a ferromagnetic metal or charge experiences a force
• The tesla (symbol: T) is the unit of magnetic flux density
• Celsius: A temperature scale based around the melting and boiling points of water (C)
• Kelvin: Temperature scale that starts from absolute zero (K)
• Direction of heat: heat always moves from a region of higher temperature to one of lower temperature
• Radiation: transfer of heat energy through electromagnetic waves, without the need of a medium. All objects emit infrared radiation, and hotter objects emit more
• TV, Radio, Microwave, Infrared, ROYGBIV, UV, X-Ray, Gamma