gen ana lab

• Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system
• 'Nerves' are bundles of axons
• Different types of neurons control or perform different activities, such as motor neurons, sensory neurons, and interneurons
• The nervous system transmits signals between different parts of the body
• The brain and spinal cord are part of the central nervous system
• The brain has integrative functions and controls voluntary activities
• The brain has 4 major divisions: cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brain stem
• The cerebrum is responsible for conscious thought processes, sensations, intellectual functions, memory storage & retrieval, and complex motor patterns
• The brain stem controls the flow of messages between the brain and the rest of the body
• The brain has 3 primary vesicles: forebrain (prosencephalon), midbrain (mesencephalon), and hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
• Forebrain includes the telencephalon (cerebrum) and diencephalon
• Hindbrain includes the metencephalon (pons & cerebellum) and myelencephalon (medulla oblongata)
• Functional areas of the brain include sensory areas, motor areas, and association areas
• The ventricular system contains cavities within the brain containing cerebrospinal fluid
• The limbic system includes structures like the amygdala, hippocampus, and thalamus
• Key neurotransmitters in the nervous system include acetylcholine, glutamate, GABA, dopamine, noradrenaline, serotonin, and histamine
• Cerebrospinal fluid serves purposes like buoyancy, protection, and chemical stability
• The circle of Willis is an important arterial circle at the base of the brain
• The peripheral nervous system includes nerve types like afferent nerves, efferent nerves, and mixed nerves
• There are 12 cranial nerves, each with specific functions and passages
• Spinal nerves include cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves
• Lab activities include illustrating and labeling different parts of the brain, drawing the flow of cerebrospinal fluid, and summarizing the 12 cranial nerves and their functions
• Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system
• Nerves are bundles of axons
• Different types of neurons control or perform different activities, such as motor neurons, sensory neurons, and interneurons
• Other parts of the nervous system regulate involuntary processes
• Key Neurotransmitters:

  • Acetylcholine
  • Glutamate
  • GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid)
  • Dopamine
  • Noradrenaline
  • Serotonin
  • Histamine
• Central Nervous System consists of the brain and spinal cord
• The brain and spinal cord are housed and protected by the skull and vertebral column
• Brain has integrative function and controls voluntary activities
• Derivatives of the Dura mater include Falx cerebri, Falx cerebelli, Tentorium cerebelli, Meckel’s cave, and Diaphragm sella
• Brain has 3 primary vesicles:

  • Forebrain/Prosencephalon: Telencephalon (Cerebrum) and Diencephalon
  • Midbrain/Mesencephalon
  • Hindbrain/Rhombencephalon: Metencephalon (Pons & Cerebellum) and Myelencephalon (Medulla oblongata)
• Brain has 4 major divisions:

  • Cerebrum
  • Diencephalon
  • Cerebellum
  • Brain stem (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata)
• Cerebrum is responsible for conscious thought processes, sensations, intellectual functions, memory storage & retrieval, and complex motor patterns
• Cerebral Lobes & Fissures include Insula, Parieto-occipital fissure, Transverse sulcus, and Longitudinal fissure
• Functional areas of the brain include sensory areas, motor areas, and association areas
• Flow of cerebrospinal fluid serves the purposes of buoyancy, protection, and chemical stability
• Diencephalon consists of Thalamus, Epithalamus, and Hypothalamus
• Limbic System includes Amygdala, Hippocampus, Cingulate gyrus, Thalamus, Hypothalamus, and Basal ganglia
• Cerebellum coordinates voluntary movements resulting in smooth and balanced muscular activity