PRELIM - GEEL01 [ notes ]

• Sex refers te categories that people are assigned to at birth based on reproductive characteristics.
• Intersex is a physiological condition where an organism has different variations of the physical characteristics compared to a true male or a true female of its kind.
• FUNCTIONALIST. It assumed that the traditional nuclear family is a natural unit and exists to maintain social order and is mutually beneficial to all.
• Marxist. It believed that the nuclear family is valued over the typical working-class extended family to encourage material aspirations.
• Marxist Feminist. It explained that the nuclear family benefits the powerful at the expense of the working class, and women's domestic labor enables the future workforce to be raised at little cost to the patriarchal capitalist community.
• Gender roles are social expectations comprising a range of behaviors and attitudes considered acceptable and appropriate based on the assigned sex.
• The term "gender role" was coined by psychologist and author John William Money in his research on how intersex people expressed their being male or being female.
• Sex roles refer to the rules and standards of behavior and practices often related to a person's reproductive capacity.
• sex role" is often used interchangeably with "gender role" (just like sex and gender are often used interchangeably) but it should be noted that sex and gender are two different terms.
• Gender equity means fairness of treatment for women and men, according to their perspective needs.
• Gender mainstreaming as a concept was first proposed in 1985
• Mainstreaming a gender perspective is the process of assessing the implications for women and men of any planned action, including legislation, policies or programmes.
• Empowerment means having control over issues and decisions that affect your life to be given a voice in decision-making bodies and control over the distribution of resources.

  Accountability could either be a positive means of motivation such as reward systems for specific goals achieved or a less positive motivation.

  Integration of effort is a high degree of coordination to ensure that gender mainstreaming is a holistic approach to transforming structures that create or perpetuate.
• Gender violence (also known as gender-based violence or gendered violence) is used to refer to harm done unto a person or groups of people due to their gender.
• Forms of gender violence: • Physical violence

  •Sexual violence. • psychological violence • Enomic violence. • Technological facilitated gender based violence
• Physical violence:

  • Any act or use of force to cause physical harm
  • Includes battering, assault, female genital mutilation, "honour" crimes, and manslaughter
• Sexual violence:

  • Any sexual act performed without consent
  • Includes rape, sexual assault, sexual trafficking, and sexual exploitation
• Psychological violence:

  • Any act that causes harm to the mind and emotions of a person or groups of people
  • Includes verbal assault, insults, harassment, defamation, coercion, and illegal detention
• Economic violence:

  • Any act that causes harm to an individual's productivity
  • Examples include property damage, restricting access to financial resources, depriving education, preventing employment, and not complying with economic responsibilities (e.g., child support)
• Technology-facilitated gender-based violence:

  • The use of technology to cause harm to an individual because of their gender
  • Includes anything related to the Internet, especially social media
• Sites of gender violence

  • Family
  • community
  • state
• Stereotype accepted judgment or bias about a person or group.

  Stereotypes about gender can cause unfair treatment because of person's gender. Significantly, gender stereotypes are beliefs about the characteristics and qualities attributed to men and women in society
• 4 basic kind of gender stereotypes

  • Personality traits
  • Domestic behavior
  • Occupations. - physical appearance