IT APP REV

• Connectivity:

  • Refers to the ability of different devices or systems to communicate with each other
  • Essential for sharing information, resources, and services
• Internet:

  • An electronic communication network connecting computer networks and organizational facilities worldwide
  • A collection of interconnected networks freely exchanging information
• Intranet:

  • An internal website for companies, accessible by employees for standard documents and information
  • Used for sharing data and information within the organization
• Extranet:

  • A partially accessible internal network for authorized external persons
  • Allows specific external entities like customers, partners, and suppliers to access certain information
• Network:

  • A structure of cords or wires that cross at regular intervals and are knotted or secured at the crossings
  • Facilitates communication and data sharing between devices
• Types of Networks:

  • LAN (Local Area Network): Connects a small number of machines in a close geographical area
  • WAN (Wide Area Network): Connects LANs over a large geographic distance
  • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network): Developed in and around large cities
  • WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network): Wireless network connecting machines in a close area
• Network Topologies:

  • Refers to the structure of a network and how nodes are connected
  • Includes Ring, Star, and Bus topologies
• Network Architecture:

  • Involves designing the structure of cords or wires in a network
  • Determines how devices communicate and interact within the network
• Types of Network Architecture:

  • Peer to Peer: Workstations connected without a central server
  • Client to Server: Main computer serves the network
  • Internet Peer to Peer: Workstations connected via the internet
• Computer is an electronic device that performs tasks based on instructions given by its user
• The term 'computer' is derived from the Latin term 'computare', meaning to calculate or programmable machine
• Computers represent decimal numbers through a string of binary digits
• The word 'computer' usually refers to the Central Processor Unit plus Internal memory
• Uses of computer:

  • Education: Computers significantly enhance performance in learning and have revolutionized distance learning
  • Health and medicine: Computers are used to digitize medical information, calculate disease risks, and aid in communication for paralyzed patients
  • Science: Scientists use computers for collaborative research, like measuring the earth's ionosphere from different parts of the world
  • Business: Computers enhance productivity and competitiveness in areas like sales, marketing, banking, and stock trading
  • Recreation and entertainment: Computers impact movies, sports, restaurants, and more
  • Government: Various government departments use computers for planning, control, and law enforcement activities
• Advantages of computer:

  • Multitasking: Computers can perform multiple tasks and calculations quickly
  • Speed: Computers have incredible speed, helping humans complete tasks in seconds
  • Cost/Stores huge amount of data: Computers offer a low-cost solution for storing vast amounts of data in a centralized database
  • Accuracy: Computers can perform calculations with precision
  • Data Security: Computers provide security from destructive forces and unauthorized access
• Disadvantages of computer:

  • Virus and hacking attacks: Computers are vulnerable to viruses and hacking, leading to data loss and system damage
  • Online Cyber Crimes: Computers are used for cyber crimes like cyber stalking and identity theft
  • Reduction in employment opportunity: Introduction of computers can reduce job opportunities for those not familiar with technology
• Types of Computers:

  • Super Computers: Fastest computers used in space craft, satellites, and research facilities
  • Mainframe Computers: Used by large banks and companies to handle huge databases in real-time
  • Server Computer: Main computer serving a network, more powerful than a workstation or client computer
  • Personal Computers: Used by individuals for daily tasks, including Desktop PCs, Laptops, Tablet PCs, and Portable PCs
• Personal Computers:

  • Desktop PC: Commonly seen on desks or tables
  • Laptop: All parts packed together, with different types based on monitor size
  • Tablet PC: Touch screen monitor with a stylus pen
  • Portable PC: Ported from another device, used for gaming purposes
• Examples of Hand Held Gaming Consoles:

  • Play Station Portable (PSP)
  • Game Boy
  • Nintendo DS
  • Gaming Cellular phones
• Examples of Gaming Consoles:

  • Play Station 1 to 4
  • Xbox all versions
  • Dream Cast
  • Nintendo Wii
• Embedded PC:

  • An integral component of most embedded systems, designed to perform a highly specific function
  • Hardware is specially designed to withstand stresses in its intended environment
• Hardware is the tangible element of the computer, including anything that can be physically touched and connected to the computer
• There are 4 types of hardware:

  • Input
  • Output
  • Storage Device
  • Ports
• Input hardware includes devices where data or commands originate, such as a mouse, keyboard, or joystick
• Output hardware includes devices where data or information is displayed, like a monitor, printer, or speaker
• Storage Device hardware is where data is stored, whether it is permanent or temporary, such as flash drives, hard disk drives, memory cards, etc.
• Ports are hardware components that connect different hardware devices to each other, like USB ports, SATA ports, VGA ports, etc.
• Process hardware includes components where data flows and processes, such as CPU, RAM, and ROM
• Communication hardware enables a computer to send and receive data to and from other computers or devices, like hubs, routers, modems, etc.
• There are 2 types of software:

  • System Software
  • Application Software
• Software is the intangible element of the computer, consisting of sets of instructions that the computer executes
• System Software is used to enable the use of application software and is installed in computers to support new hardware installations
• Operating System is a type of system software that manages application software compatibility and usability, examples include Windows, macOS, and Linux
• Device Drivers are system software that users need to install before using any hardware or application software
• Application Software is installed for various purposes, such as web browsers, office tools, games, and anti-malware programs
• Data ware is where all input data, including text, numbers, photos, and videos, are stored. It includes permanent data stored in storage devices and temporary data that vanishes when the computer is turned off
• People ware refers to the role people play in technology and the development of hardware or software, including aspects like human interaction, programming, productivity, teamwork, and project management
• Virus a worm
• Laptop types:

  Laptop measured 16 above.

  Notebook measured 14-15.

  Netbook measured 13 below.
• Tablet PC

  1st tablet PC was invented by US Army and called " Palm Pilot " to control their drones.