Per Dev

• Strengths and Limitations

  As an individual we commonly  see other people’s manner of doing things, belief and lifestyle. Most of the time, we give comments and/or judgement on how they behave and react in certain scenarios. However, it is observed that most people find it hard to make good and sound evaluation towards their own behavior, traits, and personality on how we see ourselves as an individual and understanding our characters particularly as young and late adolescent as part of the developmental stage. 
• Self-development is a process of discovering oneself by realizing one’s potentials and capabilities that are shaped over time either by studying in a  formal school or through environmental factors. Along this realization, an individual encounters gradual changes deep within him/her that may help him /her overcome unacceptable practices or traits which lead him towards positive change for his growth or self-fulfillment. It is also called personal development. 
• Know Thyself is an old maxim or aphorism which in time has been used in varied literature and consequently gained different meanings.  One of its meaning is recorded in the Greek encyclopedia of knowledge called “TheSuda”
• Socrates

  • “ An unexamined life is not worth living”

  Aristotle

  • “Knowing yourself is the beginning of all wisdom.”
• Thomas Hobbes

   used the phrase “read thyself” in his work “The Leviathan”.
• Self-concept is one’s abstract and general idea about him/herself particularly towards his/her unique personality and his/her own perception about  his/her set of values, point of views and behaviors.
• Rene Descartes

  • Father of Modern Philosophy 
  • Proposed that a person’s existence depends on his/her perception
  • Stated that mind is he seat of consciousness.
• Aspects of Self-concept Theory according to Sincero:

  • Self-concept is learned; no individual is born with it
  • Self-concept develops as a person grows old and learns to mingle with others
  • Self-concept is influenced by the person’s environment
  • Self-concept is organized:
  • Individual perceptions towards themselves are firm
  • People may consider others' opinions but will believe their own self-perception is correct
  • Changes in self-perception are possible but may take time
• SIGMUND FREUD

  • Psychologist, neurologist
  • Creator of the Theory of Psychoanalysis
  • Father of Psychoanalysis
  • Proposed that there are three components of personality.
• ID (present at birth)

  • Nature of Id is to satisfy man’s desire without thinking much of the situation. 
• EGO (present by 3 years old)

  • Operates according to reality which makes it possible for the Id work in a more proper and satisfactory ways. 
  • Provide a man with guidelines on how to behave accordingly while he fulfilled his pleasure
• SUPEEREGO (present by 5 years old)

  • Holds man’s moral judgments or concept of right and wrong that are believed to be acquired in the family and the environment.
• Self-awareness is an understanding of oneself as unique from others. As an individual, we commonly observe, and undeniably judge other people’s manners, beliefs, and lifestyle. However, it can be perceived though, the most people find it hard to make good and sound evaluation toward their own behavior, traits and personality. 
• Adolescence is the period when a young individual develops from a child into an adult. There are many changes that may happen during their period such as: how you look, how you take your role in the community, how other people expect you making decision and how you perceive yourself.
• Self-esteem is your evaluation of your own worth. It may be a positive or negative. 

  1. Positive self-esteem is the valuation that is pleasing and acceptable according to your standards and others. 
  2. Negative self-esteem is the feeling of distraught or down and unaccepted by others.

  Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale is a popular explicit self-report measure or self-esteem. 
• Self-efficacy is the measure of how much you like or esteem yourself or how much you believe you are a decent and worthwhile person. It is refers to your belief in you ability to succeed and perform in various areas of life such as education, work and relationships. 
• Albert Bandura

  • Professor and psychologist
  • Stated that a man can perform a certain job or achieving a specific goals by mean of the different factors that influence self-efficacy (Personal Performances, Vicarious Performances, Verbal Persuasion and Imaginal Performances)
• Factors that affect self-esteem:

  1. Performance Experiences:

  • Success leads to confidence in future success, while failure can lead to a lack of confidence

  2. Vicarious Performances:

  • Belief in achieving goals can be influenced by observing others' successes

  3. Verbal Persuasion:

  • People's beliefs about your abilities can impact your self-efficacy, especially from those who matter to you

  4. Imaginal Performances:

  • Visualizing success can contribute to actual success

  5. Affective States and Physical Sensations:

  • Mood, emotions, and physical sensations can impact self-efficacy; negative connections lead to negative outcomes, while positive connections lead to positive outcomes
• Dan McAdam

  • Psychologist
  • Reiterated that even there are many ways on how we reflect to improve ourselves, it brings us back to these (3) categories. 

  1. Self as Social Actor
  2. Self as Motivated Agent
  3. Self as Autobiographical Author
• Six Steps on How to Make a Rational Decision

  1. Define the problem (select your most desired course);
  2. Identify the criteria necessary to judge the multiple options (list things to be considered like location, facilities, prestige, etc. );
  3. Weight the criteria (rank the criteria based on its importance to you);
  4. Generate alternatives (the schools that accepted you);
  5. Rate each alternative on each criterion (rate each school on the criteria you have identified); and
  6. Compute the optimal decision. 
• 1. Self as Social Actor

  We are portraying different roles and behaving for every type/set of people in front if us since we all care about what people think about us. It is practically for social acceptance. 
• 2. Self as Motivated Agent

  People act based on their purpose. They do things based on their own dreams, desires and planned goals for the future. This, though, is not easily identifiable since it is self-conceptualized unless it was shared with us. 
• 3. Self as Autobiographical Author

  He/she as the creator of hi/her own entire life story. It is about how oneself is developed from his/her past, up to the present and what he/she will become in the future.