I

• Fingerprint impression


  Impression of the finger bulbs with the use of fingerprint ink on the surface of the paper through any coloring materials which will produce visibility
• Xylene solution


  Applied when plastic regeneration and treating with sodium hydroxide is of no use. It should be applied from time to time to keep the skin smooth
• Cyanoacrylate


  Mighty bond gases combined with water and turn into white crystallized material
• Ninhydrin


  Considered as one of the best methods used in developing prints in paper. Reacts with amino acid and sweat to form purple blueprints
• Latent print


  Undetectable until brought out with physical or chemical process designed to enhance latent print residue
• Chance impression


  Fingerprints imprinted by chance or without any intention to produce the print
• Formaldehyde


  Used when the ridge detail is discernible but too soft, loose, or fragile to ink and roll in the regular way. The finger is cut off at the second joint and placed in a 10 to 15% solution
• Lye solution


  Used to restore dehydrated and hard skin by soaking in a 3% solution
• Dusting method


  Considered as one of the simplest and traditional methods used in developing prints at the scene of the crime
• Plain impression


  Requires fingers to be printed simultaneously, then the thumbs without rolling
• Iodine fuming


  One of the oldest latent print development methods
• Plastic regeneration method


  Used in advanced stages of decomposition or when the body is decomposed by water, burning, or wrinkled
• Glycerinated gelatin or air


  Used in decomposed bodies to counteract shrinking of tissues on the bulb portion of the fingers
• Black powder


  A fine powder standard in latent processing for nearly a century
• Thanatoprint


  Technique allowing morphological reconstruction of advanced decayed corpses by extracting fluids from the body's tissues to restore the antimortem volume and tenseness
• Terminal phalange


  The bone covered with friction skin near the tip of the finger, containing all different types of fingerprint patterns
• Stratum corneum


  Consists of 25 to 30 layers of stratified squamous keratinocytes that are constantly shed
• Stratum granulosum


  Consists of 3-4 layers of cell thick latent keratinocytes where cells are dying
• Syndactyl


  Side fusion of the finger
• Dermis


  The inner layer of the skin containing blood vessels, various glands, and nerves
• Dermal papillae


  Supports the epidermis, made up of connective tissue with fine elastic fibers
• Up to 6 months old, use silver nitrate solution. Older than 6 months, use ninhydrin solution
• Pattern area


  Part of a fingerprint pattern where the core delta and reaches appear and are closed by the type lines
• Phalange


  Skeletal finger covered with friction skin, made of three bones
• Fragmentary


  Very short ridge or a dot ridge found inside the recovering reaches a hiker above the shoulder
• Staple


  Point located on the shoulder of the recovering ridge
• Delta


  Outer part of the fingerprint pattern
• Fingerprint pattern area


  The part of a fingerprint pattern in which the core delta and reaches appear and closed by the type lines
• Phalange


  The skeletal finger covered with friction skin made of three bones
• Fragmentary can be very short or a dotridge found inside the recovering reaches a hiker above the shoulder
• Staple


  The point located on the shoulder of the recovering ridge
• Delta


  The outer terminus found on the center or approximately center of the divergence point of the type lines or a point on the first recording ridge located nearest to the center in front of the divergence of the type lines
• Ridge ending


  Described as an abrupt end of ridge formation
• Incipient ridge


  An unusual type of ridge found in a small percentage of patterns, short, narrow, and badly formed ridges found between two well-formed and full-body ridges, frequently interrupted
• Francis Galton: 'He discovered the three families of the fingerprint pattern—arc, loop, and whorl'
• Johann Christoph Andreas Mayer: 'The first to state that fingerprints are never duplicated in two persons'
• Henry Faulds: 'His article on the skin furrows of the hand'
• Portrait parle


  A clear and specific system of describing an individual
• Alphonse Bertillion: 'Known as the father of scientific identification'
• Edward Richard Henry: 'Known as the father of fingerprint; developed the Henry system of classification at Scotland Yard which was accepted by almost all English-speaking countries'